Umwanditsi - Amakuru yuburezi bwu Buhinde, Uburezi bwAbahinde, Uburezi ku Isi, Amakuru ya Koleji, Kaminuza, Amahitamo y’umwuga, Kwinjira, Akazi, Ibizamini, Amanota y'Ibizamini, Amakuru ya Koleji, Amakuru y'Uburezi
Umusaruro wari mu cyi kinini.Itegeko rya Chips na Science ryatangiye gukurikizwa muri Kanama, ryerekana ishoramari rinini mu nganda zo mu gihugu muri Amerika.Uyu mushinga w'itegeko ugamije kwagura cyane inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi muri Amerika, gushimangira urunigi rutangwa, no gushora imari mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere kugira ngo habeho iterambere rishya mu ikoranabuhanga.Nk’uko byatangajwe na John Hart, umwarimu w’ubuhanga bw’ubukanishi akaba n’umuyobozi wa Laboratwari y’inganda n’umusaruro mu kigo cy’ikoranabuhanga cya Massachusetts, ngo Chip Act ni urugero ruheruka rwo kwerekana inyungu ziyongera ku nyungu z’abakora mu myaka yashize.Ingaruka z'iki cyorezo ku ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa, politiki ya geopolitike ku isi, n'akamaro n'akamaro k'iterambere rirambye ”, Hart.Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga mu nganda.Ati: “Hamwe no kwibanda ku nganda, iterambere rirambye rigomba gushyirwa imbere.Hafi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere muri 2020 biva mu nganda n’inganda.Inganda ninganda birashobora kandi kugabanya amazi yaho kandi bigatanga imyanda myinshi, bimwe muribi bishobora kuba uburozi.Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke kandi byemeze ko hajyaho ubukungu buke bwa karubone, ni ngombwa guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bishya n’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga rirambye.Hart yizera ko abashinzwe imashini bafite uruhare runini muri uru ruhare rwinzibacyuho.Hart, umwarimu akaba n'umunyeshuri urangije ishami rya MIT ry’ubuhanga bw’imashini, yagize ati: "Abashinzwe imashini bafite ubushobozi budasanzwe bwo gukemura ibibazo bikomeye bisaba tekinoroji y’ibisekuru bizaza kandi bazi gupima ibisubizo byabyo."Tanga ibisubizo kubibazo by ibidukikije, utange inzira yigihe kizaza kirambye.Gradun: Amazi meza ya Cleantech Gukora bikenera amazi, kandi byinshi.Uruganda ruciriritse ruciriritse rukoresha litiro zirenga miliyoni 10 kumunsi.isi igenda irwara amapfa. Gradiant itanga ibisubizo kuri iki kibazo cyamazi. Isosiyete iyobowe na Anurag Bajpayee SM '08 PhD '12 na Prakash Govindan PhD '12 bashinze hamwe nabapayiniya mumazi arambye cyangwa imishinga "ikoranabuhanga risukuye".Bajpayee na Govindan, nk'abanyeshuri barangije muri Laboratwari ya Heat Transfer yitiriwe Rosenova Kendall, basangiye pragmatism kandi bifuza gukora.Mu gihe cy'amapfa akomeye yabereye i Chennai, mu Buhinde, Govindan yateje imbere impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya PhD ikoranabuhanga ryangiza-ryangiza ryigana imiterere y'imvura.Ikoranabuhanga bise Carrier Gas Extraction (CGE), maze muri 2013 bombi bashinga Gradient.CGE ni algorithm yihariye yita ku guhinduka mubwiza n'ubwinshi bw'amazi mabi yinjira.Algorithm ishingiye ku mubare utagira urugero, Govindan yigeze gusaba guhamagara nimero ya Linhard mu rwego rwo kubahiriza umuyobozi we.ubwiza bw’amazi muri sisitemu burahinduka, ikoranabuhanga ryacu rihita ryohereza ikimenyetso cyo guhindura umuvuduko w’amazi kugira ngo usubize umubare utagira urugero kuri 1. Numara gusubira ku gaciro ka 1, uzaba mwiza cyane, ”nk'uko byasobanuwe na Govindan, COO wa Gradiant. .Sisitemu itunganya kandi ikanatunganya amazi mabi ava mu nganda zikora kugirango zongere gukoreshwa, amaherezo azigama amamiliyoni y’amadolari ku mwaka muri litiro y’amazi.Uko isosiyete ikura, itsinda rya Gradiant ryongereye tekinoloji nshya mu bubiko bwabo, harimo gukuramo imyanda ihumanya, uburyo bw’ubukungu bwo gukuraho imyanda ihumanya gusa, hamwe n’uburyo bwitwa reversion osmose, uburyo bwabo bwo kwibanda ku bwonko.Ubu batanga ibisubizo byuzuye byikoranabuhanga mugutunganya amazi n’amazi mabi kubakiriya mu nganda nka farumasi, ingufu, ubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro, ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa, hamwe ninganda ziyongera cyane.Ati: "Turi abatanga ibisubizo byuzuye byo gutanga amazi.Dufite ikoranabuhanga ryihariye kandi tuzahitamo muri quiver yacu dukurikije ibyo abakiriya bacu bakeneye ”, Bajpayee, umuyobozi mukuru wa Gradiant.Ati: “Abakiriya batubona nk'abafatanyabikorwa babo b'amazi.Turashobora gukemura ibibazo byabo byamazi kuva itangira kugeza irangiye kugirango bashobore kwibanda kubucuruzi bwabo bwibanze.“Gradun yagize iterambere riturika mu myaka icumi ishize.Kugeza ubu, bubatse inganda 450 zitunganya amazi n’amazi atunganya amazi angana na miliyoni 5 kumunsi.Hamwe no kugura vuba aha, umubare rusange wiyongereye kugera kubantu barenga 500.Ibisubizo bigaragarira mubakiriya babo, birimo Pfizer, Anheuser-Busch InBev na Coca-Cola.Abakiriya babo barimo kandi ibihangange bya semiconductor nka Micron Technology, GlobalFoundries, Intel na TSMC. ”amazi y’amazi n’amazi ya ultrapure ya semiconductor yazamutse rwose ", Bajpayee.Abakora Semiconductor bakeneye amazi ya ultrapure kugirango batange amazi.Ibintu byose byashonze ugereranije n'amazi yo kunywa ni ibice bike kuri miliyoni.Bitandukanye n’ibya mbere, umubare w’amazi akoreshwa mu gukora microchip ari hagati y’ibice kuri miliyari cyangwa ibice kuri quadrillion. izi nganda zirashobora gutunganya 98-99% bya “Miliyoni 10 z'amazi bakeneye kuri buri gice cy'umusaruro.Aya mazi yatunganijwe neza afite isuku ihagije kugira ngo isubire mu bikorwa byo gukora. ”Twakuyeho aya mazi yanduye, hafi ya yose tuvanaho uruganda rukora amashanyarazi rushingiye ku gutanga amazi rusange. ”Bajpayee Muri, fabry ci irimo kotswa igitutu cyo kunoza imikoreshereze y’amazi, bigatuma kuramba ari ingenzi.ku bimera byinshi byo muri Amerika binyuze mu gutandukana: kuyungurura imiti neza nka Bajpayee na Govindan, Shreya Dave '09, SM '12, PhD '16 yibanze ku gusibanganya PhD.Ku buyobozi bw'umujyanama we, Jeffrey Grossman, umwarimu w’ibikoresho bya siyansi n’ubuhanga, Dave yahimbye icyuma gishobora gutanga amazi meza kandi ahendutse.Nyuma yo gusuzuma neza no gusesengura isoko, Dave yanzuye avuga ko ibibyimba bye bidashobora gucuruzwa.Ati: “Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ni ryiza rwose mu byo bakora.kora.Birahendutse, byakozwe cyane, kandi bikora neza.Nta soko ry'ikoranabuhanga ryacu ryari rifite ”, Dave.Nyuma gato yo kurengera igitabo cye, yasomye inyandiko isubiramo mu kinyamakuru Kamere yahinduye byose.Ingingo yagaragaje ikibazo.Gutandukanya imiti, biri mu mutima wibikorwa byinshi byinganda, bisaba imbaraga nyinshi.Inganda zikeneye ibintu byiza kandi bihenze cyane.Dave yatekereje ko ashobora kubona igisubizo.Nyuma yo kubona ko hari amahirwe mu bukungu, Dave, Grossman, na Brent Keller, PhD '16, bashizeho Via Separations mu 2017. Nyuma yaho gato, bahisemo Moteri nk'imwe mu masosiyete ya mbere yakiriye inkunga y’ishoramari mu kigo cy’ikoranabuhanga cya Massachusetts.Kugeza ubu, kuyungurura inganda bikorwa no gushyushya imiti ku bushyuhe bwinshi cyane kugirango ibice bitandukanye.Dave abigereranya no guteka amazi yose kugeza igihe azimye kugirango akore pasta naho igisigaye ni spaghetti.Mu musaruro, ubu buryo bwo gutandukanya imiti ni imbaraga nyinshi kandi zidakora neza.Binyuze mu Gutandukana byashizeho imiti ihwanye n "ibicuruzwa bya pasta".Aho gukoresha ubushyuhe kugirango utandukane, membrane zabo "zungurura" ibice.Ubu buryo bwo kuyungurura imiti butwara ingufu 90% ugereranije nuburyo busanzwe.Mugihe ibyinshi bikozwe muri polymers, Via Separans membrane ikozwe muri okiside graphene, ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi nibidukikije bikaze.Membrane ihinduranya kubakiriya bakeneye muguhindura ubunini bwa pore hamwe na chimie yo hejuru.Kugeza ubu, Dave nitsinda rye bibanda ku nganda zimpapuro nimpapuro zabo.Bateje imbere sisitemu itunganya ibintu bizwi nka "inzoga z'umukara" imbaraga-neza.impapuro, kimwe cya gatatu cya biomass ikoreshwa kumpapuro.Kuri ubu, gukoresha agaciro gakomeye mu bice bibiri bya gatatu by'impapuro zisigaye ni ugukoresha umwuka uhumeka kugira ngo uteke amazi, uyihindure uva mu mugezi utemba cyane ujya ku mugezi wibanze cyane ”, Dave.ingufu zakozwe zikoreshwa mu guha ingufu inzira yo kuyungurura. ”Sisitemu ifunze itwara ingufu nyinshi muri Amerika.Turashobora kubikora dushyira "spaghetti net" mu nkono, Dave yongeyeho.VulcanForms: Inganda zingana ninganda zikora Yigisha amasomo yo gucapa 3D, azwi cyane nka Additive Manufacturing (AM).Nubwo icyo gihe atari cyo yibanzeho muri kiriya gihe, yibanze ku bushakashatsi, ariko yasanze iyo ngingo ishimishije.Kimwe nabanyeshuri benshi mwishuri, barimo Martin Feldmann MEng '14.Feldmann yinjiye mu itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi bwa Hart igihe cyose nyuma yo kubona impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n’inganda zateye imbere.Ngaho bahujije inyungu zinyuranye muri AM.Babonye umwanya wo guhanga udushya bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga ryemejwe ryongera ibyuma bizwi ku izina rya powder bed laser laser welding maze basaba kuzana igitekerezo cyo gukora ibyuma byongera inganda ku ruganda.Muri 2015 bashinze VulcanForms.Hart yagize ati: "Twateje imbere ubwubatsi bwa AM Machine kugira ngo tubyare ibice bifite ubuziranenge n'umusaruro udasanzwe."“Natwe.Imashini zacu zinjijwe muri sisitemu yuzuye yo gukora digitale ihuza inganda ziyongera, nyuma yo gutunganya no gutunganya neza.Ati: “Bitandukanye n'andi masosiyete agurisha printer ya 3D ku bandi kugira ngo bakore ibice, VulcanForms ikoresha amamodoka yayo mu gukora no kugurisha ibice by'imashini zikoresha inganda.VulcanForms imaze kwiyongera igera ku bakozi 400.Ikipe yafunguye umusaruro wambere umwaka ushize.umushinga witwa “VulcanOne”.Ubwiza nubusobanuro bwibice byakozwe na VulcanForms ningirakamaro kubicuruzwa nko gutera imiti, guhinduranya ubushyuhe na moteri yindege.Imashini zabo zirashobora gucapa ibice bito byicyuma.Hart, umwe mu bagize inama y'ubutegetsi y'isosiyete yongeyeho ati: "Dukora ibice bigoye gukora cyangwa rimwe na rimwe bidashoboka gukora."Tekinoroji yatunganijwe na VulcanForms irashobora gufasha kubyara ibice nibicuruzwa muburyo burambye, haba muburyo butaziguye, cyangwa muburyo butaziguye binyuze mumurongo utanga umusaruro kandi woroshye.Bumwe muburyo VulcanForms na AM muri rusange bigira uruhare mukuramba ni kuzigama ibikoresho. Byinshi mubikoresho bikoreshwa muri VulcanForms, nka titanium alloys, bisaba imbaraga nyinshi.igice cya titanium, ukoresha ibikoresho bike cyane kuruta uburyo bwo gutunganya gakondo.Gukoresha ibikoresho niho Hart abona AM ikora itandukaniro rinini mubijyanye no kuzigama ingufu.Hart yerekana kandi ko AM ishobora kwihutisha guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ingufu zisukuye, kuva kuri moteri ikora neza kugeza ku mashanyarazi azaza. impinduka muri urwo rwego, ”Hart yongeyeho.Igicuruzwa: Ubuvanganzo.Umwarimu w’ubuhanga bw’imashini Kripa Varanasi hamwe nitsinda rya LiquiGlide biyemeje gushyiraho ejo hazaza hatarimo umuvuduko no kugabanya imyanda muri iki gikorwa.LiquiGlide yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2012 na Varanasi hamwe n’umunyeshuri David Smith SM '11, yashyizeho impuzu zihariye zituma amazi ashobora “kunyerera” hejuru y’ubutaka.Igitonyanga cyose cyibicuruzwa kijya gukoreshwa, cyaba cyarakuwe mu muyoboro w’amenyo cyangwa kiva mu kibindi cya litiro 500 ku ruganda.Ibikoresho bitarimo ubuvanganzo bigabanya cyane imyanda y'ibicuruzwa, kandi nta mpamvu yo koza ibikoresho mbere yo kuyitunganya cyangwa kuyikoresha.isosiyete imaze gutera intambwe nini murwego rwibicuruzwa byabaguzi.Umukiriya wa Colgate yakoresheje tekinoroji ya LiquiGlide mugushushanya icupa rya menyo ya Colgate Elixir, yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi byo gushushanya inganda.LiquiGlide yafatanije n’umushakashatsi uzwi cyane ku isi Yves Behar gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga ryabo mu bwiza no ku isuku yo gupakira ibicuruzwa.Muri icyo gihe, Ubuyobozi bw’ibiribwa n’ibiyobyabwenge muri Amerika bwabahaye igikoresho cy’ibanze.Porogaramu ya biofarmaceutical itanga amahirwe.Muri 2016, isosiyete yashyizeho sisitemu ikora ibicuruzwa bitarimo friction.hejuru yububiko bwibigega, funnel na hoppers, kubuza ibikoresho gukomera kurukuta.Sisitemu irashobora kugabanya imyanda yibikoresho kugeza 99%.Ati: “Ibi rwose birashobora guhindura umukino.Ikiza imyanda y'ibicuruzwa, igabanya amazi y’amazi mu isuku y’ibigega, kandi igafasha gukora ibikorwa byo gukora bidafite imyanda ”, ibi bikaba byavuzwe na Varanasi, umuyobozi wa LiquiGlide.Ubuso bwa kontineri.Iyo ushyizwe mubintu, amavuta aracyinjira mumiterere.Imbaraga za capillary ziratuza kandi zemerera amazi gukwirakwira hejuru, bigatuma habaho amavuta ahoraho ibintu byose bifatika bishobora kunyerera.Isosiyete ikoresha algorithms ya termodinamike kugirango imenye neza ibinini hamwe n’amazi bitewe nibicuruzwa, byaba amenyo cyangwa irangi.Isosiyete yubatse sisitemu yo gutera imiti ishobora gutwara ibikoresho na tanki mu ruganda.Usibye kuzigama isosiyete miriyoni y'amadorari mu myanda y'ibicuruzwa, LiquiGlide igabanya cyane amazi akenewe kugira ngo buri gihe asukure ibyo bikoresho aho usanga ibicuruzwa bifata ku rukuta.Irasaba koza n'amazi menshi.Kurugero, mubuhinzi-mwimerere, hariho amategeko akomeye yo kujugunya amazi mabi yanduye.Ibi byose birashobora kuvaho hamwe na LiquiGlide, ”Varanasi.Mu gihe inganda nyinshi zikora zafunze hakiri kare icyorezo, bidindiza itangizwa ry’imishinga y’icyitegererezo ya CleanTanX ku nganda, ibintu byifashe neza mu mezi ashize.Varanasi iragenda ikenera tekinoroji ya LiquiGlide, cyane cyane kumazi nka paste ya semiconductor.Ibigo nka Gradant, Via Gutandukana, VulcanForms na LiquiGlide birerekana ko kwagura umusaruro bitagomba kuza ku giciro kinini cy’ibidukikije.Inganda zifite ubushobozi bwo kwipimisha ku buryo burambye. ”injeniyeri yubukanishi, gukora byahoze aribyo shingiro ryimirimo yacu.By'umwihariko, muri MIT, buri gihe habaye ubushake bwo gukora inganda zirambye ”, ibi byavuzwe na Evelyn Wang, umwarimu wa Ford w’ubuhanga mu byahoze ari umuyobozi w’ishami ry’imashini.umubumbe wacu ni mwiza.Ati: "Hamwe n'amategeko nka CHIPS hamwe na siyansi yubumenyi ishishikariza inganda, hazagenda hakenerwa abashoramari ndetse n’amasosiyete ategura ibisubizo bigabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije, bikatwegera ejo hazaza heza.
Abanyeshuri barangije MIT bubaka urubuga rwo koroshya gusohora siyansi kwisi yose
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