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Yerekana karuseli ya sisitemu eshatu icyarimwe.Koresha Utubuto na Ibikurikira kugirango unyuze mumashusho atatu icyarimwe, cyangwa ukoreshe utubuto twa slide kumpera kugirango wimuke unyuze mubice bitatu icyarimwe.
Mu myaka mike ishize, habaye iterambere ryihuse ryibyuma byamazi yo guhimba ibihimbano bya nano- / meso-binini binini kandi byubatswe hamwe na ultra-nini nini kubikoresho bitandukanye.Nyamara, ubu buryo bufite aho bugarukira.Ubwa mbere, ibyara ibice bibiri byubaka hamwe na top-top-topologiya kumurongo ntarengwa wibihimbano.Icya kabiri, imiterere ifite ubunini bunini bwa binder kubera kwaguka gukomeye mugihe cyo gutandukanya ubushyuhe bwinshi.Hano, twerekana kubara no kugerageza ko izo mbogamizi zishobora kuneshwa hiyongereyeho ikintu cyashongeshejwe cyuma giteza imbere topologiya yo murwego rwo hejuru mugutandukanya ibintu bitagaragara mugihe cyo gukuramo.Ibikurikira, turasobanura iki cyegeranyo twerekana ko ihererekanyabubasha ryinshi ryimiterere yibintu bidasobanutse mumazi ashonga bigira uruhare runini mubyihindagurika ryigice gikomeye hamwe na topologiya yimiterere mugihe cya flake.Ibisubizo byerekana itandukaniro ryibanze hagati yicyuma cyamazi no kuvanaho umwanda wa electrochemic, kandi binashyiraho uburyo bushya bwo kubona ibyubatswe mubyuma byamazi bifite ibipimo na topologiya.
Intumwa zahindutse muburyo bukomeye kandi butandukanye bwo guhimba imyanda ifunguye ya nano- / meso ifite ubunini bwubatswe hamwe nuburinganire bugizwe na ultra-high intera intera interaux kubikoresho bitandukanye bikora kandi byubaka nka catalizator1,2, selile lisansi3,4, capacitori ya electrolytike5, 6, ibikoresho birwanya imishwarara yangiza 7, ibikoresho bya batiri ifite imbaraga nyinshi hamwe nubukanishi bwiyongereye 8, 9 cyangwa ibikoresho bikomatanya bifite ibikoresho byiza bya mashini 10, 11. Muburyo butandukanye, intumwa zirimo gusesa guhitamo ikintu kimwe cya mbere cyubatswe mbere "precursor" alloy ”mu bidukikije byo hanze, biganisha ku kuvugurura ibintu bivanze bitavanze hamwe na topologiya idafite akamaro, itandukanye na topologiya yumwimerere., Ibigize.Nubwo intumwa zisanzwe zikoresha amashanyarazi (ECD) zikoresha electrolytite nkibidukikije nibyo byizwe cyane kugeza ubu, ubu buryo bugabanya sisitemu zo gutanga (nka Ag-Au cyangwa Ni-Pt) kubarimo ibintu byiza cyane (Au, Pt) kandi bifite a itandukaniro rinini bihagije muburyo bwo kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gutanga porosity.Intambwe yingenzi yo kunesha iyi mbogamizi ni uburyo bushya bwo kuvumbura uburyo bwo kuvanga ibyuma byamazi 13,14 (LMD), ikoresha ibivangwa byuma byamazi (urugero, Cu, Ni, Bi, Mg, nibindi) hamwe nibindi bintu mubidukikije. .(urugero: TaTi, NbTi, FeCrNi, SiMg, nibindi) 6,8,10,11,14,15,16,17,18,19.LMD hamwe nicyuma cyayo gikomeye cyo kuvanaho (SMD) ikora mubushyuhe buke mugihe icyuma fatizo gikomeye20,21 bikavamo guhuza ibice bibiri cyangwa byinshi byuzuzanya nyuma yo guterwa imiti yicyiciro kimwe.Ibi byiciro birashobora guhinduka imyenge ifunguye.imiterere.Uburyo bwo guhagararirwa bwarushijeho kunozwa no gutangiza vuba aha intumwa zicyuka (VPD), zikoresha itandukaniro ryumuvuduko wumuyaga wibintu bikomeye kugirango habeho imiterere ya nanoporus binyuze muburyo bwo guhumeka ibintu kimwe 22,23.
Kurwego rwujuje ubuziranenge, ubwo buryo bwose bwo kuvanaho umwanda busangiye ibintu bibiri byingenzi bihuriweho na gahunda yo kwikuramo umwanda.Ubwa mbere, ubu ni bwo buryo bwo guhitamo gusesa ibintu byavuzwe haruguru (nka B muburyo bworoshye cyane AXB1-X) mubidukikije.Iya kabiri, yavuzwe bwa mbere mubushakashatsi bwibanze nubushakashatsi kuri ECD24, ni ikwirakwizwa ryibintu bitarakemuka A ku murongo uhuza ibivangwa n’ibidukikije mugihe cyo gukuraho umwanda.Diffusion ishoboye gukora uturere dukungahaye kuri atome binyuze munzira isa no kwangirika kwa spinodal muri alloys, nubwo bigarukira kuri interineti.Nubwo ibyo bisa, uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvanaho amavuta bushobora kubyara morphologie zitandukanye kubwimpamvu zidasobanutse18.Mugihe ECD ishobora kubyara ibyerekeranye na topologiya ibyiciro byo murwego rwo hejuru kubice bya atome (X) byibintu bitarakemuka (nka Au muri AgAu) munsi ya 5% 25, ​​ubushakashatsi bwo kubara no kugerageza ubushakashatsi bwa LMD bwerekana ko ubu buryo busa busa gusa butanga imiterere ijyanye nubutaka. .Kurugero, kuri X nini cyane, imiterere ijyanye na bicontinuous igera kuri 20% mugihe cya TaTi alloys yakuweho na Cu gushonga (reba Ishusho ya 2 muri re. 18 kugirango ugereranye kuruhande ugereranije na ECD na LMD zitandukanye X ).Uku kunyuranya gusobanurwa nuburyo bwo gukwirakwiza gukwirakwizwa gukwirakwizwa no gutandukana kwangirika kwa spinodal kandi bisa cyane no gukura kwa eutectic-gufatanya26.Mugihe cyo gukuraho umwanda, gukura gukwirakwira kwemerera A-filaments ikungahaye (cyangwa flake muri 2D) hamwe na B ikungahaye kumazi ya B ikura hamwe no gukwirakwizwa mugihe cyo gukuraho umwanda15.Gukura kwombi kuganisha ku miterere ya topologiya idahujwe mu gice cyo hagati ya X kandi igahagarikwa mu gice cyo hepfo ya X, aho ibirwa bitagira umupaka bikungahaye kuri A bishobora gushingwa.Kuri X nini, imikurire ihujwe ihinduka idahindagurika, ituma habaho imiterere ya 3D ihujwe neza igumana ubusugire bwimiterere na nyuma yicyiciro kimwe.Igishimishije, imiterere yicyerekezo yakozwe na LMD17 cyangwa SMD20 (Fe80Cr20) XNi1-X ivangwa ryagaragaye mubigeragezo kuri X kugeza kuri 0.5, byerekana ko gukura gukwirakwizwa hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa hose kuri LMD na SMD aho kuba ECD ikunze kuvamo ibintu bidakunze kubaho. Kugira imiterere ihuza.
Kugirango dusobanure impamvu iri tandukaniro riri hagati ya ECD na NMD morphologie, twakoze icyiciro cyo kwigana icyiciro hamwe nubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi bwa NMD ya TaXTi1-X alloys, aho kinetics yo gusesa yahinduwe hongerwaho ibintu byashongeshejwe kumuringa wamazi.Twanzuye ko nubwo ECD na LMD byombi bigengwa no gutoranya gutoranya no gukwirakwiza intera, izi nzira zombi nazo zifite itandukaniro ryingenzi rishobora gutuma habaho itandukaniro ryimiterere18.Ubwa mbere, ibishishwa bya peel muri ECD bigenzurwa ninteruro hamwe numuvuduko uhoraho wimbere V12 nkigikorwa cya voltage ikoreshwa.Ibi ni ukuri nubwo agace gato k'uduce duto duto (urugero: Pt muri Ag-Au) hiyongereyeho umubyigano w'ababyeyi, utuma amazi atembera neza, agasukura kandi agakomeza ibintu bidashimishije, ariko ubundi agumana morfologiya imwe 27.Imiterere ya topologiya iboneka gusa kuri X yo hasi kuri V nkeya, kandi kugumana ibintu bitagaragara 25 nini nini kugirango igumane igice kinini kinini bihagije kugirango wirinde gucamo ibice.Ibi birerekana ko igipimo cyo guseswa kubijyanye no gukwirakwizwa kwimiterere bishobora kugira uruhare runini muguhitamo morphologie.Ibinyuranyo, kuvanaho ibinure muri LMD ni ikwirakwizwa ryagenzuwe15,16 kandi igipimo kigabanuka vuba ugereranije nigihe \ (V \ sim \ sqrt {{D} _ {l} / t} \), aho Dl ari ikintu kibi kuri coefficient de diffuzione..
Icya kabiri, mugihe cya ECD, ubushobozi bwibintu bitagaragara muri electrolyte ni bike cyane, kuburyo bishobora gukwirakwira gusa kuri alloy-electrolyte.Ibinyuranye, muri LMD, ibintu "bidasobanutse" ibintu (A) bya AXB1-X ibanziriza ibisanzwe mubisanzwe bifite bike, nubwo bigarukira, gushonga.Uku gukemuka guke kurashobora kugereranywa uhereye kubisesengura igishushanyo mbonera cyicyiciro cya gatatu cya sisitemu ya CuTaTi yerekanwe kumugereka wa 1. Igisubizo gishobora kugereranywa mugutegura umurongo wa fluidus hamwe nuburinganire bwa Ta na Ti kuruhande rwamazi yimbere (\ ( {c} _ {{{{{{{\ rm {Ta)))))))}}}} ^ {l} \) na \ ({c} _ {{{{({\ rm {Ti}} }}}}} ^ {l} \), uko bikurikirana, ku bushyuhe bwintumwa (Ishusho yinyongera. ihoraho kandi agaciro kayo kajyanye na X. Inyongera Igicapo 1b cyerekana ko \ ({c} _ {{{{{{{\ rm {Ta}}}}}))} ^ {l} \) igwa mu ntera 10 -3 - 10 ^ {l} \) bingana na 15.16.Uku "kumeneka" kwibintu bidasobanutse muri alloy birashobora kugira ingaruka kumiterere yimiterere yimiterere yimbere ya delamination imbere, nayo, ishobora kugira uruhare mugusenya no guhuza imiterere bitewe no gukwirakwiza amajwi.
Kugirango dusuzume ukundi uruhare rwa (i) igabanuka ryikurwaho ryikurwaho rya alloy V na (ii) igabanuka ryigabanuka ryinjira mubintu bitagaragara mumashanyarazi, twakomeje mubyiciro bibiri.Ubwa mbere, tubikesha \ (V \ sim \ sqrt {{D} _ {l} / t} \), wize ubwihindurize bwimiterere yimiterere yimiterere ya bundle, byashobokaga kwiga ingaruka zo kugabanuka V bihagije.umwanya munini.Kubwibyo, twasesenguye iyi ngaruka dukoresheje icyiciro cyikigereranyo cyigihe kinini kuruta ubushakashatsi bwabanje, bwerekanaga ko hariho imiterere ihuza imiterere ya topologiya idahujwe no gukura gukwirakwizwa no gukura kwa X15 hagati.Icya kabiri, kugirango dukore iperereza ku ngaruka z’ibintu bitagaragara mu kugabanya umuvuduko w’amazi, twongeyeho Ti na Ag mu muringa kugira ngo twongere kandi tugabanye umuvuduko w’amazi, kandi twiga ibijyanye na morphologie, amacakubiri, no gukwirakwiza ibitekerezo muri gushonga.yahawe Cu gushonga binyuze mubibare nubushakashatsi imbere muburyo bwa alloy.Twongeyeho Ti wongeyeho kuva 10% kugeza 30% mubitangazamakuru kugirango dukureho Cu gushonga.Kwiyongera kwa Ti byongera ubunini bwa Ti kuruhande rwurwego rwabigenewe, bigabanya igipimo cya Ti cyibanze muri iki cyiciro kandi kigabanya umuvuduko.Yongera kandi igipimo cya Ta cyo kumeneka yiyongera \ ({c} _ {{{({\ rm {Ti}}}}}}}} ^ {l} \), bityo \ ({c} _ {{{{{ {\ rm {Ta}}}}}}} ^ {l} \) (Ishusho yinyongera gukemuka kwibintu bivangavanze mugushonga, twashushanyije sisitemu ya CuAgTaTi ya sisitemu ya sisitemu ikora neza (CuAg) TaTi ternary aho gukemura Ti na Ta biterwa no kwibanda kwa Ag mumashanyarazi ya CuAg (reba Icyitonderwa) 2 ninyongera Imitini.Kwiyongera kwa Ag ntabwo byongera ubunini bwa Ti kumpera yimiterere yatanzwe.Ariko, kubera ko ibisubizo bya Ti muri Ag biri munsi yubwa Cu, ibi bigabanya \ ({c} _ {{{{{\ rm {Ta}}}}}}}} ^ {l} \) (Ishusho yinyongera . 1) 4b) nigipimo cyo kumeneka Ta.
Ibisubizo by'icyiciro cyo kwigana byerekana ko gukura gukomatanyije guhinduka mugihe kirekire gihagije kugirango biteze imbere imiterere yimiterere yibintu byangirika imbere.Twagerageje kwemeza uyu mwanzuro twerekana ko igice cyibanze cyumusemburo wa Ta15T85, kigizwe hafi yimbere yo gusiba nyuma yicyiciro cya nyuma cyo gusiba, gikomeza guhuzwa na topologiya nyuma yo gutobora icyiciro gikungahaye kumuringa.Ibisubizo byacu byerekana kandi ko igipimo cyo kumeneka kigira ingaruka zikomeye ku ihindagurika ry’imiterere bitewe n’ubwikorezi bwinshi bwo gutwara ibintu bitagaragara mu gushonga.Hano herekanwa ko iyi ngaruka, idahari muri ECD, igira ingaruka zikomeye kumwirondoro wibintu bitandukanye mubice byateganijwe, igice cyicyiciro gikomeye, hamwe na topologiya yimiterere ya LMD.
Muri iki gice, turabanza kwerekana ibisubizo byubushakashatsi bwacu dukoresheje icyiciro cyo kwigana ingaruka zo kongeramo Ti cyangwa Ag kuri Cu gushonga bikavamo morphologie zitandukanye.Ku mutini.Igicapo 1 kirerekana ibisubizo byuburyo butatu bwo kwerekana icyiciro cyumurima wa TaXTi1-X iboneka muri Cu70Ti30, Cu70Ag30 hamwe numuringa usukuye ushonga hamwe na atome nkeya yibintu bitagaragara kuva kuri 5 kugeza kuri 15%.Imirongo ibiri ibanza yerekana ko kwiyongera kwa Ti na Ag biteza imbere gushiraho imiterere ihujwe na topologiya ugereranije nuburyo budahuza bwa Cu yera (umurongo wa gatatu).Ariko kandi, kwiyongera kwa Ti, nkuko byari byitezwe, byongereye Ta kumeneka, bityo birinda gusibanganya amavuta ya X yo hasi (Ta5Ti95 na Ta10Ti90) kandi bigatera iseswa ryinshi ryimyanya myanda mugihe cya Ta15Ti85.Ibinyuranye na byo, iyongerwaho rya Ag (umurongo wa kabiri) igira uruhare mu gushiraho imiterere ijyanye na topologiya yibice byose bigize ibice fatizo hamwe no gusesa gato kurwego rwashinzwe.Imiterere yimiterere ya bicontinuous irerekanwa byongeye mubishushanyo.1b, yerekana amashusho yimiterere yatanzwe hamwe no kongera ubujyakuzimu bwa delamination kuva ibumoso ugana iburyo hamwe nishusho yimiterere-isukuye yimbere mubwimbitse ntarengwa (ishusho iburyo).
Icyiciro cya 3D icyiciro cyo kwigana (128 × 128 × 128 nm3) cyerekana ingaruka zidasanzwe zo kongeramo igisubizo kumazi ashonga kuri morphologie yanyuma ya alloy yatanzwe.Ikimenyetso cyo hejuru cyerekana ibice byababyeyi (TaXTi1-X) naho ikimenyetso gihagaritse cyerekana ibishonga bya Cu bishingiye ku koroshya uburyo.Uturere dufite Ta yibanze cyane mumiterere idafite umwanda byerekanwe mubururu, naho ibice bikomeye-byamazi byerekanwe mubururu.b Kugereranya-Ibice bitatu byerekana icyiciro cyumurima wa Ta15Ti85 ibanziriza ibivanze muri Cu70Ag30 gushonga (190 × 190 × 190 nm3).Amakadiri 3 yambere yerekana akarere gakomeye k'imiterere yatanzwe muburyo bwimbitse bwintumwa, kandi ikadiri yanyuma yerekana gusa intera ikomeye-yamazi yimbere mubwimbitse ntarengwa.Filime ihuye na (b) irerekanwa muri Filime yinyongera 1.
Ingaruka zo kongeramo ibisubizo byongeye gushakishwa hamwe na 2D icyiciro cyo kwigana, cyatanze amakuru yinyongera kumiterere yimiterere yimiterere imbere ya delamination imbere kandi yemerera kugera kuburebure nubunini burenze urugero bwa 3D kugirango bagereranye kinetics.Ku mutini.Igishushanyo cya 2 cyerekana amashusho yikigereranyo cyo gukuraho Ta15Ti85 preursor alloy ikoresheje Cu70Ti30 na Cu70Ag30 gushonga.Muri ibyo bihe byombi, gukura-gukwirakwizwa gukura ntiguhinduka cyane.Aho kwinjira mu buryo buhagaritse mu mavuta, inama z'imiyoboro y'amazi zigenda zerekeza mu kajagari ibumoso n'iburyo mu nzira igoye cyane mu gihe cyo gukura gukomeye biteza imbere imiterere ihujwe iteza imbere imiterere ijyanye na topologiya mu mwanya wa 3D (Ishusho 1).Ariko, hari itandukaniro ryingenzi hagati yinyongera ya Ti na Ag.Kuri Cu70Ti30 gushonga (Igishusho 2a), kugongana kw'imiyoboro ibiri y'amazi biganisha ku guhuza imiyoboro ikomeye-y'amazi, biganisha ku gusohora imiyoboro ikomeye yafashwe n'inzira zombi zivuye mu miterere, hanyuma, zikarangira. .Ibinyuranye na byo, kugirango Cu70Ag30 ishonga (Igishushanyo 2b), Gutungisha Ta ku ntera iri hagati yicyiciro gikomeye n’amazi birinda guhuriza hamwe bitewe no kugabanuka kwa Ta kumeneka gushonga.Nkigisubizo, guhagarika inkwano imbere ya delamination birahagarikwa, bityo bigateza imbere imiterere ihuza.Igishimishije, umuvuduko w'akajagari uhindagurika wumuyoboro wamazi ukora imiterere-yuburyo bubiri hamwe nurwego runaka rwo guhuza mugihe guhagarika guhagarikwa (Ishusho 2b).Ariko, uku guhuza ntabwo ari ibisubizo byiterambere rihamye ryumubano.Muri 3D, kwinjira bidasubirwaho bituma habaho guhuza ibice bibiri (Ishusho 1b).
Snapshots ya 2D icyiciro cyikigereranyo cya Cu70Ti30 (a) na Cu70Ag30 (b) gushonga byahinduwe kuri Ta15Ti85 alloy yerekana gukura gukwirakwira hamwe no gukura.Amashusho yerekana ubujyakuzimu butandukanye bwo kuvanaho bupimye uhereye kumwanya wambere wa tekinike ikomeye / isukuye.Ibyinjijwe byerekana uburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza imiyoboro y'amazi, biganisha ku gutandukanya imigozi ikomeye no kubungabunga Cu70Ti30 na Cu70Ag30 gushonga.Ubugari bwa domeni ya Cu70Ti30 ni 1024 nm, Cu70Ag30 ni 384 nm.Ibara ryamabara yerekana ubunini bwa Ta, kandi amabara atandukanye atandukanya akarere kamazi (ubururu bwijimye), umusingi fatizo (ubururu bwerurutse), nuburyo butemewe (hafi umutuku).Filime zibi bigereranyo zigaragara muri Filime yinyongera ya 2 na 3, yerekana inzira igoye yinjira mumiyoboro y'amazi mugihe cyo gukura gukwirakwira hamwe no gukura.
Ibindi bisubizo bya 2D icyiciro cyo kwigana cyerekanwe mubishusho.3.Igishushanyo cyo gusibanganya uburebure nigihe (umusozi uhwanye na V) mumitini.3a yerekana ko kwiyongera kwa Ti cyangwa Ag kuri Cu gushonga bidindiza gutandukana kinetics, nkuko byari byitezwe.Ku mutini.3b yerekana ko uku gutinda guterwa no kugabanuka kwa Ti concentration ya gradient mumazi murwego rwabigenewe.Irerekana kandi ko kwiyongera kwa Ti (Ag) byiyongera (bigabanya) kwibumbira hamwe kwa Ti kuruhande rwamazi yimbere (\ ({c} _ {{{{{{{\ rm {Ti)))))) )))) ).Igishushanyo cya 3d cyerekana ko kubisubizo byombi, ingano yubunini bwibisigara biguma hejuru yurwego kugirango habeho ibice bibiri bifitanye isano na topologiya bifitanye isano 28,29,30.Mugihe wongeyeho Ti kumashanyarazi byongera kumeneka kwa Ta, byongera kandi kugumana kwa Ti muguhuza gukomeye kubera kuringaniza ibice, bityo bikongera igice cyijwi kugirango bikomeze guhuza imiterere idafite umwanda.Ibarura ryacu muri rusange ryemeranya nubushakashatsi bwikigereranyo cyigice cyigice cya delamination imbere.
Icyiciro cyikigereranyo cyikigereranyo cya Ta15Ti85 kigereranya ingaruka zinyuranye za Ti na Ag ziyongera kuri Cu gushonga kuri kinetics yo kuvanaho ibipimisho byapimwe kuva ubujyakuzimu bwa aliyumu nkibikorwa byigihe (a), umwirondoro wa Ti mumazi kuri an kuvanaho ubujyakuzimu bwa 400 nm (ubujyakuzimu bubi bwaguka gushonga hanze yimiterere ya alloy (imbere yimbere ibumoso) b Ta kumeneka hamwe nigihe (c) nigice gikomeye mumiterere idashimishije hamwe no gushonga (d) Kwibanda kubintu byongeweho mu gushonga byateguwe kuri abscissa (d) (Ti - umurongo wicyatsi, Ag - umurongo wijimye nubushakashatsi).
Kubera ko umuvuduko wimbere yo kugabanuka ugabanuka nigihe, ihindagurika rya morphologie mugihe cyo gusiba ryerekana ingaruka zo kugabanya umuvuduko wo gusiba.Mu cyiciro cyabanjirije icyiciro cyo kwiga, twabonye ubwiyongere busa na eutectic butera gukura bivamo guhuza imiterere ya topologiya idahujwe mugihe cyo kuvanaho Ta15Ti85 ibanziriza ibishishwa byumuringa usukuye15.Nyamara, kwiruka birebire byicyiciro kimwe cyigero cyerekana (reba Filime yinyongera 4) ko iyo umuvuduko wimbere wabaye muto bihagije, gukura gufatanye guhinduka.Ihungabana ryigaragaza mu kunyeganyega kwa flake, kubuza guhuza kwabo, bityo, bigateza imbere imiterere yimiterere yabantu.Inzibacyuho kuva kumikurire ihamye kugera kumikurire idahindagurika bibaho hafi ya xi = 250 nm ku kigero cya 4.7 mm / s.Ibinyuranye, ubujyakuzimu bwa xi bwa Cu70Ti30 gushonga ni nka 40 nm ku kigero kimwe.Ntabwo rero, ntitwashoboraga kubona ihinduka nkiryo mugihe dukuyemo amavuta hamwe na Cu70Ti30 yashonga (reba Filime yinyongera 3), kuko kongeramo 30% Ti kumashanyarazi bigabanya cyane kinetics yo gukuraho amavuta.Hanyuma, nubwo gukura-gukwirakwizwa gukura bidahungabana kubera gutinda buhoro buhoro, intera λ0 yimigozi ikomeye kumurongo wa delamination yubahiriza hafi \ ({\ lambda} _ {0} ^ {2} V = C \) amategeko ahagarara gukura15,31 aho C ihoraho.
Kugirango ugerageze guhanura ibyiciro byumurima wigana, ubushakashatsi bwo kuvanaho alloy bwakozwe hamwe nintangarugero nini nigihe kinini cyo kuvanaho.Igishushanyo 4a nigishushanyo mbonera cyerekana ibipimo byingenzi byimiterere yatanzwe.Ubujyakuzimu bwuzuye bwo gusiba bingana na xi, intera kuva kumupaka wambere wibice bikomeye kandi byamazi kugeza imbere.hL ni intera kuva intangiriro yambere-isukuye yimbere kugeza kumpera yimiterere yatanzwe mbere yo guterana.HL nini yerekana Ta ikomeye.Duhereye kuri SEM ishusho yintangarugero yatanzwe, turashobora gupima ingano ya hD yimiterere yatanzwe mbere yo guterana.Ariko, kubera ko gushonga nabyo bikomera ku bushyuhe bwicyumba, birashoboka kugumana imiterere yatanzwe idafite inkwano.Kubwibyo, twashushanyije gushonga (umuringa ukungahaye cyane) kugirango tubone imiterere yinzibacyuho kandi dukoresha hC kugirango tugereranye ubunini bwimiterere yinzibacyuho.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyubwihindurize bwa morphologie mugihe cyo gukuraho umwanda no kugena ibipimo bya geometrike: uburebure bwa layer ya Ta hL, uburebure bwimiterere yangiritse hD, ubunini bwimiterere ihuza hC.(b),. 10 µm.
Ibice byambukiranya ibyiciro byerekanwe byerekanwe mugitabo.4b, c yemeza ingaruka nyamukuru zahanuwe zo kongeramo Ti na Ag muri Cu gushonga kuri morphologie na kinetics ya alloy yatanzwe.Ku mutini.Igicapo 4b cerekana akarere ko hepfo ya SEM yaciwe (ibumoso) ya Ta15T85 ivanze no kwibizwa mu muringa usukuye kuri s 10 kugeza kuri ubujyakuzimu bwa xi ~ 270.Ku gipimo gipima igihe cyagereranijwe, kikaba ari itegeko ryinshi ryubunini buruta ubw'icyiciro cyo kwigana, umuvuduko w'imbere uri munsi yumuvuduko wavuzwe haruguru wa umuvuduko wa 4.7 mm / s, munsi yo gukura kwa eutectic guhindagurika guhinduka.Kubwibyo, imiterere iri hejuru yigishishwa giteganijwe guhuzwa na topologiya byuzuye.Mbere yo gutobora, urwego ruto rw'uruvange rw'ibanze rwashongeshejwe burundu (hL = 20 μ m), ibyo bikaba byari bifitanye isano na Ta kumeneka (Imbonerahamwe 1).Nyuma yo gutondekanya imiti yicyiciro gikungahaye ku muringa (iburyo), hasigaye gusa urwego ruto rwinshi ruvanze (hC = 42 µm), byerekana ko inyinshi mu nzego zahawe inshingano zatakaje ubunyangamugayo mu gihe cyo guterana kandi ntizari zifitanye isano n’ubutaka ( Igishushanyo 1a)., ishusho iburyo cyane kumurongo wa gatatu).Ku mutini.4c yerekana igice cyuzuye cya SEM hamwe namashusho ya 3D yerekana ububobere bwa Ta15Ti85 yakuweho no kwibizwa muri Cu70Ag30 gushonga kuri s 10 kugeza ubujyakuzimu bwa 200 µm.Kubera ko ubujyakuzimu bwibishishwa byahanuwe ko byiyongera hamwe na \ ({x} _ {i} (t) = \ sqrt {4p {D} _ {l} t} \) ikwirakwizwa ryagenzuwe (reba ingingo yinyongera 4) 15 16, Hiyongereyeho 30% Ag kuri Cu gushonga, igabanuka ryubujyakuzimu bwo gutandukana kuva kuri 270 mkm kugeza kuri 220 mm bihuye no kugabanuka kwa numero ya Peclet p kubintu 1.5.Nyuma yo gutondeka imiti ya Cu / Ag ikize (iburyo), imiterere yose yatanzwe igumana ubunyangamugayo bwubatswe (hC = 200 µm), byerekana ko mubyukuri ari ibyahanuwe muburyo bwa topologiya bihujwe (Ishusho 1, ishusho iburyo) umurongo wa kabiri kandi wose umurongo wo hasi).Ibipimo byose byibanze byashizweho Ta15T85 mumashanyarazi atandukanye byegeranijwe mumeza.1. Turerekana kandi ibisubizo kubutaka bwa Ta10Ti90 butavanze muburyo butandukanye, byemeza imyanzuro yacu.Ibipimo by'uburebure bwa Taage yerekanaga Ta yerekanaga ko imiterere yashonze mumashanyarazi ya Cu70Ag30 (hL = 0 μ m) ari ntoya kurenza iyo Cu yashonze (hL = 20 μm).Ibinyuranye, kwongerwaho Ti kumashanyarazi bishonga cyane muburyo buvanze (hL = 190 μ m).Kugabanuka kw'iseswa ry'imiterere yatanzwe hagati ya Cu gushonga (hL = 250 μ m) na Cu70Ag30 gushonga (hL = 150 μ m) bigaragara cyane mu mavuta yatanzwe ashingiye kuri Ta10Ti90.
Kugira ngo twumve ingaruka ziterwa no gushonga, twakoze isesengura ryuzuye ryibisubizo byubushakashatsi ku gishushanyo cya 5 (reba kandi amakuru yinyongera 1).Ku mutini.Igishushanyo cya 5a - b cyerekana igabanywa ryikwirakwizwa ryibintu bitandukanye ku cyerekezo cya exfolisiyoneri mu bushakashatsi bwa exfolisiyonike mu gushonga kwa Cu gushushe (Ishusho 5a) na Cu70Ag30 gushonga (Ishusho 5b).Ubwinshi bwibintu bitandukanye byateguwe kurwanya intera d kuva imbere ya delamination kugeza kumpera yikigero cya delamination mugice gihamye hamwe nicyiciro cyari amazi (gikungahaye muri Cu cyangwa CuAg) mugihe cyo gusiba.Bitandukanye na ECD, aho kugumana ibintu bitari byiza bigenwa nigipimo cyo gutandukana, muri LMD, kwibumbira mumashanyarazi akomeye bigenwa nuburinganire bwaho bwa termodinamike hagati yicyiciro gikomeye n’amazi bityo, bityo, imiterere yo kubana yibikomeye kandi ibyiciro byamazi.Igishushanyo cya Leta.Bitewe no gusesa kwa Ti kuva kumurongo fatizo, kwibumbira hamwe kwa Ti bigabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera d kuva imbere yimbere kugeza kumpera yurwego rwa delamination.Nkigisubizo, Ta yibanze cyane yiyongereye hamwe no kwiyongera d kumurongo, ibyo bikaba byari bihuye nicyiciro cyo kwigana (Ishusho yinyongera 5).Ubushuhe bwa Ti mumashanyarazi ya Cu70Ag30 bugabanuka cyane ugereranije no gushonga kwa Cu kwiza, ibyo bikaba bihuye nigipimo cyo gukuraho buhoro buhoro.Ibipimo byapimwe byapimwe mubishushanyo.5b irerekana kandi ko ikigereranyo cyibintu bya Ag na Cu mumazi bidahoraho neza murwego rwabashikirijwe, mugihe mugihe cyo kwigana umurima wicyiciro iki kigereranyo cyafashwe ko gihoraho mugushushanya gushonga nkuko pseudo-element Cu70Ag30.Nubwo iri tandukanyirizo ryinshi, icyiciro cyicyitegererezo cyerekana ingaruka zujuje ubuziranenge zo kongeramo Ag mukurwanya Ta leakage.Kwerekana umubare wuzuye wa gradients yibintu byose uko ari bine mububiko bukomeye hamwe namazi bisaba icyitegererezo cyuzuye cyibice bine byerekana igishushanyo cya TaTiCuAg, kikaba kitarenze iyi mirimo.
Ibipimo byibanze byapimwe bitewe nintera d kuva imbere yo gusibanganya imbere ya Ta15Ti85 muri (a) Cu gushonga neza na (b) Cu70Ag30 gushonga.Kugereranya ingano yapimwe agace kavunitse ka solide ρ (d) yimiterere yatanzwe (umurongo uhamye) hamwe nubuhanuzi bujyanye nuburinganire budahwanye na Ta (umurongo ucagaguye).(1) (c) Guhindura ibipimo byo kugereranya.(1) Ikigereranyo cyakosowe imbere yo gusiba.(2) Ni ukuvuga, Ta leakage irasuzumwa.Gupima impuzandengo yubugari λw nintera λs (d).Utubari twibeshya twerekana gutandukana bisanzwe.
Ku mutini.5c igereranya igice cyapimwe cyibice byapimwe bya solide ρ (d) (umurongo uhamye) kubintu byiza bya Cu na Cu70Ag30 byubatswe kuva byashongeshejwe hamwe nubuhanuzi bwa teoritiki (umurongo ucagaguye) wabonetse mukubungabunga imbaga ukoresheje Ta yapimwe mubipimo bikomeye \ ({ c} _ {Ta} ^ {s} (d) \) (Igishusho 5a, b) kandi wirengagize kumeneka kwa Ta no gutwara Ta hagati yinguzanyo zifite ubujyakuzimu butandukanye bwo gutandukana.Niba Ta ihindutse ikava mumazi, Ta yose ikubiye mubutaka fatizo igomba kugabanywa muburyo bukomeye.Rero, murwego urwo arirwo rwose rwimiterere ya kure perpendicular yerekeza ku cyerekezo cyo gukuraho amavuta, kubungabunga misa bivuze ko \ ({c} _ {Ta} ^ {s} (d) {S} _ {s} (d ) = {c} _ {Ta} ^ {0} (d) {S} _ {t} \), aho \ ({c} _ {Ta} ^ {s} (d) \) na \ ({c _ bikurikiranye.Ibi birahanura ingano yibice bya solide murwego rwa kure.
Ibi birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwimiterere yabashinzwe Cu na Cu70Ag30 gushonga ukoresheje \ ({c} _ {Ta} ^ {s} (d) \) umurongo uhuye numurongo wubururu.Ubu buhanuzi burenze ku gishushanyo cya 5c byerekana ko kwirengagiza Ta kumeneka ari ibintu bibi byerekana ibipimo bigabanywa.Kubungabunga imbaga itarinze kumeneka byerekana ko igabanuka rya monotonike mu gice cy’ijwi hamwe no kwiyongera d, ibyo bikaba bigaragara neza mu gushonga kwa Cu, ariko ntabwo biri muri Cu70Ag30 gushonga, aho ρ (d) ifite byibuze.Mubyongeyeho, ibi biganisha ku gukabya gukabije kwijwi ryibice ku gutandukanya imbere kubishonga byombi.Kubintu bito byapimwe d ≈ 10 µm, ibyahanuwe ρ indangagaciro kubishonga byombi birenga 0.5, mugihe ρ agaciro gapimwe kuri Cu na Cu70Ag30 gushonga kari hejuru gato ya 0.3 na 0.4.
Kugirango dushimangire uruhare runini rwa Ta yamenetse, noneho twerekana ko itandukaniro ryumubare hagati yapimwe kandi ryahanuwe ρ indangagaciro hafi yimbere yangirika rishobora gukurwaho tunonosoye ibyahanuwe kugirango dushyiremo uku kumeneka.Kugirango bigerweho, reka tubare umubare rusange wa Ta atom zitemba ziva mubikomeye zinjira mumazi mugihe imbere yangirika yimukiye kure intera Δxi = vΔt mugihe cyigihe Δt Δxi = vΔt, aho \ (v = {\ akadomo {x )) _ {i} (t) \) - igipimo cyo gusiba, ubujyakuzimu nigihe gishobora gukomoka ku mubano uzwi \ ({x} _ {i} (t) = \ sqrt {4p {D} _ {l} t } \) gucika intege.Amategeko y’ibanze yo kubungabunga misa imbere yo gutandukana (d ≈ 0) ni nkayo ​​ΔN = DlglΔtSl / va, aho gl ari igipimo cyo guhuriza hamwe cya Ta atom mu mazi, va nubunini bwa atome bujyanye nubusobanuro bwasobanuwe nka an agace ka atome, na Sl = St - Ss nigice cyambukiranya igice cyumuyoboro wamazi kuri delamination imbere.Iyegeranya rya gradient gl irashobora kubarwa ukeka ko kwibumbira hamwe kwa atome bifite agaciro gahoraho \ ({c} _ {Ta} ^ {l} \) kuri interineti kandi ni ntoya cyane mu gushonga hanze ya exfoliated layer, iyo itanga \ ({g} _ {l} = {c} _ {Ta} ^ {l} / {x} _ {i} \) Rero, \ ({{\ Delta}} N = ({{\ Delta} {x} _ {i} {S} _ {l} / {v} _ {a}) {c} _ {Ta} ^ {l} / (2p) \).Iyo imbere yimukiye kure Δxi, agace gakomeye kangana numubare rusange wa Ta atom yakuwe kumurongo fatizo, \ ({{\ Delta}} {x} _ {i} {S} _ {t} { c} _ {Ta} ^ {{ } {x} _ {i} {S} _ {s} {c} _ {Ta} ^ {s} / {v} _ {a} \).Iri gereranya, hamwe nijambo ryavuzwe haruguru kuri ΔN nubusabane St = Ss + Sl hamwe nicyiciro kuri delamination imbere.
Mubipimo bya zeru zidasubirwaho za Ta atom, bigabanya guhanura hakiri kare ko hatabaho kumeneka, \ (\ rho = {c} _ {Ta} ^ {0} / {c} _ {Ta} ^ {s} \) amazi (\ ({c} _ {Ta} ^ {l} = 0 \)).Ukoresheje indangagaciro \ ({c} _ {Ta} ^ {l} \ hafi 0.03 \) uhereye kubipimo byubushakashatsi (biterekanwa ku gishushanyo cya 5a, b) na numero ya Peclet p ≈ 0.26 na p ≈ 0.17 hamwe nibitekerezo bya solide \ ({c} _ {Ta} ^ {s} \ hafi 0.3 \) hamwe na \ gushonga, ρ ≈ 0.38 na ρ ≈ 0.39.Ibi bihanura ni byinshi muburyo bwiza cyane hamwe nibipimo.Ibindi bitandukanyirizo (byahanuwe 0.38 v. } ^ {l} \ hafi 0.03 \)), byitezwe ko bizaba binini gato mumuringa usukuye.
Nubwo ubu bushakashatsi bwakorewe kumurongo wihariye wibanze no gushonga, turateganya ko ibisubizo byisesengura ryubu bushakashatsi bizafasha gukuramo ibingana..Kugeza ubu, ingaruka zo kumeneka kw'ibintu bitagaragara ku miterere ya LMD zarirengagijwe rwose.Ibi ahanini biterwa nuko iyi ngaruka idafite akamaro muri ECDD, kandi kugeza ubu byafashwe mu buryo bworoshye ko NMD isa na REC.Ariko, itandukaniro ryibanze hagati ya ECD na LMD nuko muri LMD gukemura ibibazo byibintu bidasobanutse mumazi byiyongera cyane kubera ubwinshi bwibintu bitagaragara kuruhande rwamazi yimbere (\ ({c} _ {Ti} ^ {) l} \)), naryo ryongera ubunini bwibintu bidasobanutse (\ ({c} _ {Ta} ^ {l} \)) kuruhande rwamazi yimbere kandi bikagabanya agace kijwi ryahanuwe nuburinganire bukomeye bwa leta .. {} Kugabanuka ku ndangagaciro ni ntangarugero kuruhande rwurwego ruto rwatanzwe (Igishushanyo cya 6) electrolyte. Usibye LMD, turizera kandi ko ibisubizo byacu bikurikizwa kuri disiki zikomeye za leta, aho imbibi zikomeye ziteganijwe kugumana uburinganire bwa termodinamike mugihe cyo kuvanaho amavuta. Ibi bitezwe bishyigikirwa nuko impinduka mubice byijwi by'ibikomeye mu cyiciro cyahawe imiterere ya SSD byagaragaye, bivuze ko I, ko mugihe cy'intumwa habaho gusesa ligamente ikomeye, bifitanye isano no kumeneka kw'ibintu bitagaragara.
Ikigereranyo.. kuvanaho alloy layer, ijyanye numuringa usukuye hamwe na Cu70Ag30 gushonga.Kuri Cu70Ag30 gushonga (umurongo utukura ku gishushanyo 5c), ρ (d) ifite byibuze hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyabashinzwe.Iyi minisiteri iterwa nuko igiteranyo cya Ta gikubiye muri binder ikomeye hafi yuruhande rwurwego rwabigenewe ari kinini kuruta muri alloy base.Ni ukuvuga, kuri d ≈ 230 μm \ ({S} _ {s} (d) {c} _ {Ta} ^ {s} (d) \,> \, {S} _ {t} {c} _ {}(1) Nta kumeneka \ ({c} _ {Ta} ^ {0} / {c} _ {Ta} ^ {s} (d) \ hafi 0.2 \).Ibi bivuze ko igice cyo guhunga Ta gitwarwa imbere yo gutandukana kijya mukarere ka kure yuruhande rwambere, gukwirakwira mumazi no kumurongo ukomeye-wamazi, aho usubizwa.
Uku gusubiramo bifite ingaruka zinyuranye za Ta leakage kugirango itunganyirize Ta ikomeye, kandi igabanywa ryigice rishobora gusobanurwa neza nkimpirimbanyi ya Ta yamenetse kandi ikongera.Kugirango Cu70Ag30 ishonga, Ag yibanda mumazi yiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera d (umurongo utudomo wumukara ku gishushanyo 5b) kugirango ugabanye Ta kumeneka mukugabanya Ta solubilité, bigatuma kwiyongera kwa ρ (d) hamwe no kwiyongera d nyuma yo kugera byibuze .Ibi bikomeza igice kinini kinini bihagije kugirango birinde gucikamo ibice bitewe no gutandukana kwingingo zikomeye, bisobanura impamvu inzego zatanzwe muri Cu70Ag30 zishonga zigumana ubusugire bwimiterere nyuma yo gutobora.Ibinyuranye, kumuringa usukuye ushonga, kumeneka no guhindurwa hafi ya byose bisibanganya, bigatuma kugabanuka gahoro gahoro munsi yurwego rwo gutandukana kubice byinshi byahawe, hasigara gusa urwego ruto cyane rugumana ubusugire bwimiterere hafi yumupaka wurubibi. Intumwa.(Ishusho 4b, Imbonerahamwe 1).
Kugeza ubu, isesengura ryacu ryibanze cyane cyane ku gusobanura ingaruka zikomeye zo kumeneka kw'ibintu bitagaragara mu buryo butandukana ku gice gikomeye na topologiya y'inzego zahawe.Reka noneho duhindukire ku ngaruka zuku kumeneka ku guhuza imiterere ya bicontinuum murwego rwabigenewe, bikunze kugaragara mugihe cya LMD kubera ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gutunganya.Ibi bitandukanye na ECD aho guterana bisa nkaho bitabaho mugihe cyo kuvanaho amavuta, ariko birashobora guterwa no gufatira ku bushyuhe bwinshi nyuma yo gukuraho amavuta.Kugeza ubu, guhuzagurika mugihe cya LMD byagereranijwe hifashishijwe kwibwira ko bibaho bitewe no gukwirakwiza ibintu bitagaragara ku buryo bukomeye-busa, busa n'ubuso bwo gukwirakwiza-guhuza imiterere ya nanoporous ECD yubatswe.Rero, ingano yinguzanyo yagereranijwe hakoreshejwe amategeko yo gupima capillary kwaguka.
aho tc nigihe cyo guhuzagurika, bisobanurwa nkigihe cyashize nyuma yo kunyura imbere ya delamination imbere mubwimbitse xi murwego rwo gusiba (aho λ ifite agaciro kambere ka λ00) kugeza igeragezwa rya delamination, hamwe nigipimo cyerekana n = 4 ikwirakwiza hejuru.Eq igomba gukoreshwa mubwitonzi.(3) Sobanura ibipimo bya λ nintera d kumiterere yanyuma idafite umwanda urangije igerageza.Ibi biterwa nuko akarere kegereye inkombe zintumwa zahawe bifata igihe kinini cyo kwaguka kuruta akarere kegereye imbere.Ibi birashobora gukorwa hamwe nuburinganire bwinyongera.(3) Itumanaho na tc na d.Iyi sano irashobora kuboneka byoroshye muguhishurira ubujyakuzimu bwo gukuraho amavuta nkigikorwa cyigihe, \ ({x} _ {i} (t) = \ sqrt {4p {D} _ {l} t} \), itanga tc (d) = te - tf (d), aho te ni igihe cyibigeragezo byose, \ ({t} _ {f} (d) = {(\ sqrt {4p {D} _ {l} t}} {{Shira iyi mvugo kuri tc (d) muburinganire.(3) Vuga λ (d) (reba ingingo ya 5).
Kugirango dusuzume ubu buhanuzi, twakoze ibipimo by'ubugari n'intera hagati ya bundles ku bice byambukiranya ibice byerekanwe byerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 9 cya Cu na Cu70Ag30 bishonga.Duhereye kumurongo wohanagura ugana icyerekezo cyo gusibanganya intera zitandukanye d uhereye imbere yo gusiba, twabonye impuzandengo yubugari λw (d) ya Ta-ikungahaye hamwe nintera mpuzandengo λs (d) hagati yimigozi.Ibi bipimo byerekanwe mumitini.5d kandi ugereranije nubuhanuzi bwo kugereranya.(3) mu gishushanyo cya 10 ku ndangagaciro zitandukanye za n.Kugereranya byerekana ko igipimo cyo gukwirakwiza hejuru ya n = 4 gitanga ubuhanuzi bubi.Ubu buhanuzi ntabwo bwanonosowe cyane muguhitamo n = 3 kubwinshi bwa diffuzione-medrated capillary coarsening, umuntu ashobora gutegereza byoroshye gutanga umusaruro mwiza kubera Ta yamenetse mumazi.
Uku kunyuranya kwinshi hagati yigitekerezo nubushakashatsi ntabwo bitangaje, kuva Eq..ρ ihinduka muburyo butandukanye murwego rwakuweho kurangiza gukuraho amavuta, nkuko bigaragara mumitini.5c.ρ nayo ihinduka hamwe mugihe cyo kuvanaho umwanda kumurongo wimbitse wo gukuraho, uhereye ku gaciro kavanyweho imbere (ihora ihoraho mugihe bityo ikaba itigenga kuri tf na d) kugeza ku gipimo cyapimwe cya ρ (d) cyerekanwe ku gishushanyo. 5c ihuye nigihe cyanyuma.Kuva ku mutini.3d, birashobora kugereranywa ko kubora byimbere bigera kuri 0.4 na 0.35 kuri AgCu na Cu nziza zashonga, muburyo bwose burenze agaciro kanyuma ka ρ mugihe te.Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kugabanuka kwa ρ hamwe nigihe mugihe cyagenwe d ningaruka zitaziguye zo kuba hariho intumbero yibintu yibintu (Ti) mumazi.Kubera ko kwibumbira hamwe kwa Ti mumazi bigabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera d, kwibumbira hamwe kwa Ti mubikomeye nabyo bigabanuka kumikorere ya d, bigatuma habaho gusenyuka kwa Ti kuva kumatongo akomeye no kugabanuka mubice bikomeye mugihe runaka.Impinduka zigihe gito muri ρ nazo ziterwa no kumeneka no kugarura Ta.Rero, kubera ingaruka zinyongera zo guseswa no kwisubiraho, turateganya ko gukomera mugihe cya LMD, nkuko bisanzwe, bizabera ku bice bidahoraho, bizavamo ubwihindurize bwubatswe hiyongereyeho na capillary coarsening, ariko nanone bitewe no gukwirakwizwa muri amazi kandi ntabwo ari kumupaka gusa-amazi.
Ikigereranyo gifatika..Kuri capillary coarsening, λw na λs byitezwe ko bizaterwa na d, mugihe igishushanyo 5d cyerekana ko λs yiyongera hamwe na d byihuse kuruta λw kuri Cu na Cu70Ag30 bishonga.Mugihe igitekerezo gihuzagurika cyita ku guseswa no gusubirwamo kigomba gusuzumwa kugirango gisobanure ibipimo byinshi, iri tandukaniro ritegerejwe mu buryo bwujuje ubuziranenge, kubera ko iseswa ryuzuye ry’imigabane mito rigira uruhare mu kwiyongera hagati y’inguzanyo.Byongeye kandi, λs ya Cu70Ag30 yashonga igera ku giciro cyayo kinini ku nkombe y’igice nta mavuta, ariko kuba λs z'umuringa usukuye ukomeje kwiyongera mu buryo bumwe bishobora gusobanurwa no kwiyongera kwa Ag mu mazi, aho d ikoreshwa mugusobanura ρ (d) mumashusho 5c imyitwarire idahwitse.Kongera imbaraga za Ag hamwe no kwiyongera d guhagarika Ta kumeneka no gusenya binder, biganisha ku kugabanuka kwa λs nyuma yo kugera ku giciro kinini.
Hanyuma, menya ko mudasobwa yiga kuri capillary coarsening kumurongo uhoraho yerekana ko iyo agace k'ijwi kagabanutse munsi yumubare wa 0.329.30, ibice byubatswe mugihe cyo gufatana.Mubimenyerezo, iyi mbago irashobora kuba hasi gato kuko gucamo ibice no kugabanya ubwoko bigenda bibaho mugihe cyagereranijwe cyangwa kirenze igihe cyose cyo kuvanaho amavuta muri ubu bushakashatsi.Kuba inzego zahawe muri Cu70Ag30 zishonga zigumana ubusugire bwimiterere nubwo ρ (d) iri munsi ya 0.3 murwego rwo hagati ya d byerekana ko gucamo ibice, niba bihari, bibaho igice gusa.Ingano yimibare ntarengwa yo gutandukana irashobora kandi guterwa no guseswa no kwisubiraho.
Ubu bushakashatsi butanga imyanzuro ibiri yingenzi.Ubwa mbere, kandi muburyo busanzwe, topologiya yimiterere yatanzwe na LMD irashobora kugenzurwa no guhitamo gushonga.Muguhitamo gushonga kugirango ugabanye ubukana bwibintu bidasobanutse A ya AXB1-X fatizo ivanze mu gushonga, nubwo ari bike, hashobora gushyirwaho imiterere ihagarariwe cyane igumana ubumwe bwayo ndetse no mubutumburuke buke bwa etage X hamwe nuburinganire bwububiko .Byari bizwi mbere ko ibyo bishoboka kuri ECD25, ariko ntibishoboka kuri LMD.Umwanzuro wa kabiri, ufite ishingiro, ni ukubera iki muri LMD ubunyangamugayo bwimiterere bushobora kubungabungwa muguhindura uburyo bwo gutanga ubutumwa, bushimishije ubwabwo kandi bushobora gusobanura ibyo twabonye kuri TaTi alloy yacu muri Cu na CuAg bishonga, ariko no muri muri rusange gusobanura neza akamaro, mbere katagereranijwe gutandukanya ECD na LMD.
Muri ECD, uburinganire bwimiterere bugumaho mugukomeza igipimo cyo gukuraho umwanda kurwego rwo hasi X, iguma ihoraho mugihe cyingufu zitwara ibinyabiziga, ntoya bihagije kugirango ibike ibintu bihagije B muburyo bukomeye mugihe cyo gukuraho umwanda kugirango bikomeze ingano.agace ka ρ nini bihagije kugirango wirinde gucamo ibice25.Muri LMD, igipimo cyo kuvanaho amavuta \ (d {x} _ {i} (t) / dt = \ sqrt {p {D} _ {l} / t} \) kigabanuka hamwe nigihe kubera gukwirakwizwa gukabije.Rero, utitaye kubwoko bwa eregitoronike yibasiye gusa numubare wa Peclet p, igipimo cyo gusibanganya vuba kigera ku giciro gito gihagije kugirango kigumane umubare uhagije wa B muburyo bukomeye, ibyo bikaba bigaragarira muburyo ρ kuri delamination Imbere ikomeza kuba hafi hamwe nigihe.Ukuri no hejuru yo gutandukana.Nkuko bigaragazwa nicyiciro cyikigereranyo cyigero, igipimo cyibishishwa nacyo cyihuta kigera ku giciro gito gihagije kugirango ihungabanye imikurire yumubumbe wa eutectic, bityo byorohereze ishyirwaho ryinzego zifitanye isano na topologiya bitewe na lamellae.Rero, itandukaniro nyamukuru ryibanze hagati ya ECD na LMD rishingiye ku ihindagurika ryimbere ryimbere binyuze mumiterere yimbere yurwego nyuma yo gutandukana na ρ, aho kuba igipimo cyo gusiba.
Muri ECD, ρ no guhuza biguma bihoraho murwego rwa kure.Muri LMD, bitandukanye, byombi biratandukanye murwego, ibyo bikaba bigaragara neza muri ubu bushakashatsi, bishushanya kwibanda kwa atome no gukwirakwiza ρ mu burebure bw’inzego zahawe na LMD.Hariho impamvu zibiri zimpinduka.Ubwa mbere, no kuri zeru zidasubirwaho A, igipimo cyibanze B mumazi, kidahari muri DZE, gitera intambwe ya A yibumbiye hamwe, ikaba iri muburinganire bwimiti hamwe namazi.Ikigereranyo A, nacyo, gitera igipimo ρ imbere murwego rutanduye.Icya kabiri, kumeneka kwa A mumazi bitewe no kutagira zeru bigenda bihindura itandukaniro ryimiterere ya ρ muriki gice, hamwe no kugabanuka gukemuka bifasha kugumya ρ hejuru kandi byinshi muburyo butandukanye kugirango habeho guhuza.
Hanyuma, ubwihindurize bwubunini bwubunini no guhuza murwego rwabigenewe mugihe cya LMD biraruhije cyane kuruta ubuso bwo gukwirakwiza imipaka ya capillary coarsaring ku gice gihoraho, nkuko byavuzwe mbere kubigereranya no guhuza imiterere ya nanoporous ECD.Nkuko bigaragara hano, guhuzagurika muri LMD bibaho mugice cya spatiotemporally igice gitandukanye kandi mubisanzwe biterwa no kwimura ikwirakwizwa rya A na B muburyo bwamazi kuva kumurongo wa delamination ugana kumpera yurwego rutandukanijwe.Amategeko yo gupima capillary coarsening igarukira kubuso cyangwa gukwirakwiza kwinshi ntishobora kugereranya impinduka mubugari nintera iri hagati yimigozi iri murwego rwabigenewe, ukeka ko ubwikorezi bwa A na B bujyanye na gradients yibintu bifite uruhare runini cyangwa rusa.Icyingenzi kuruta kugabanya ubuso bwimiterere.Iterambere ryigitekerezo cyita kuri izi ngaruka zitandukanye nicyizere cyingenzi cyigihe kizaza.
Titanium-tantalum binary alloys yaguzwe muri Arcast, Inc (Oxford, Maine) ikoresheje 45 kWt ya Ambrell Ekoheat ES itanga amashanyarazi hamwe n'umuringa ukonjesha amazi.Nyuma yubushyuhe bwinshi, buri mavuta yometse kumasaha 8 kubushyuhe buri hagati ya 200 ° C. yumwanya wo gushonga kugirango habeho guhuza no gukura kwimbuto.Ingero zaciwe niyi master ingot zashizwemo insinga za Ta hanyuma zihagarikwa kumaboko ya robo.Ubwiherero bw'ibyuma bwateguwe no gushyushya imvange ya 40 g Cu (McMaster Carr, 99,99%) hamwe na Ag (Kurt J. Lesker, 99,95%) cyangwa Ti uduce twinshi dukoresheje uburyo bwa 4 kW Ameritherm Easyheat induction yo gushyushya kugeza bisenyutse burundu.ubwogero.ubushyuhe bwuzuye.Mugabanye imbaraga hanyuma ureke kwiyuhagira bikangure kandi bingane igice cyisaha yubushyuhe bwa 1240 ° C.Hanyuma ukuboko kwa robo kumanurwa, icyitegererezo cyinjizwa mubwogero mugihe cyagenwe hanyuma kigakurwa kugirango gikonje.Ubushuhe bwose bwa bilet ya bilet na LMD bwakorewe mukirere cya argon cyera cyane (99,999%).Nyuma yo gukuraho amavuta, ibice byambukiranya ingero byasizwe neza kandi bisuzumwa hifashishijwe microscopi optique hamwe na scanning electron microscopie (SEM, JEOL JSM-6700F).Isesengura ryibanze ryakozwe ningufu zikwirakwiza X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) muri SEM.Microstructure yibice bitatu byintangarugero yatanzwe byagaragaye muguhagarika icyiciro gikungahaye kumuringa gikungahaye kuri acide ya nitric 35% (urwego rwo gusesengura, Fluka).
Kwigana kwakozwe hakoreshejwe icyitegererezo cyatejwe imbere cyumurima wa decoupling icyiciro cya ternary alloy15.Icyitegererezo cyerekana ubwihindurize bwikibanza cyicyiciro ϕ, gitandukanya ibyiciro bikomeye n’amazi, kumurima wibanze ci yibintu bivanga.Ingufu zose zubusa za sisitemu zigaragazwa nk
aho f (φ) ninzitizi zibiri zishobora kubaho hamwe na minima kuri φ = 1 na φ = 0 ihuye na solide na fluide, hamwe na fc (φ, c1, c2, c3) nintererano yimiti mubwisanzure bwimbaraga zisobanura ubwinshi bwingufu ya thermodynamic imitungo ivanze.Kugirango twigane kuvugurura Cu cyangwa CuTi bishonga mumashanyarazi ya TaTi, dukoresha ifishi imwe fc (φ, c1, c2, c3) hamwe nibipimo nkuko biri mubisobanuro.15. Kugira ngo ukureho TaTi ivanze hamwe na CuAg yashonga, tworoheje sisitemu ya quaternary (CuAg) TaTi kuri sisitemu ya ternary ikora neza ifite ibipimo bitandukanye bitewe na Ag yibanze, nkuko byasobanuwe mubyongeweho 2. Ikigereranyo cyubwihindurize kumurima wicyiciro hamwe na umurima wo kwibandaho wabonetse muburyo butandukanye
Aho \ ({M} _ {ij} = {M} _ {l} (1- \ phi) {c} _ {i} \ ibumoso ({\ delta} _ {ij} - {c} _ {j} \ iburyo) \) ni matrike ya atomic igendanwa, na Lϕ igenga kinetics ya atomic attachment kumurongo ukomeye-wamazi.
Amakuru yubushakashatsi ashyigikira ibisubizo byubu bushakashatsi murashobora kubisanga muri dosiye yinyongera.Ibipimo byo kwigana bitangwa mumakuru yinyongera.Amakuru yose araboneka kandi kubanditsi babisabwe.
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