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Hashingiwe ku masangano atandukanye ya fiziki na siyanse yubuzima, ingamba zo gusuzuma no kuvura zishingiye ku buvuzi bwuzuye zimaze iminsi zikurura abantu benshi bitewe n’uburyo bukoreshwa bwuburyo bushya bwubuhanga mubice byinshi byubuvuzi, cyane cyane muri onkologiya.Muri urwo rwego, gukoresha ultrasound kugira ngo yibasire kanseri ya kanseri mu bibyimba hagamijwe kwangiza imashini ku munzani itandukanye birashishikaza cyane abahanga ku isi.Dufatiye kuri ibyo bintu, dushingiye kubisubizo byigihe cya elastodynamic hamwe nibigereranyo byumubare, turerekana ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwokwigana mudasobwa ikwirakwizwa na ultrasound ikwirakwizwa mubice kugirango duhitemo imirongo ikwiranye nububasha hamwe na irrasiyo.Urubuga rushya rwo gusuzuma laboratoire On-Fibre, bita urushinge rwibitaro kandi rumaze gutangwa.Byizerwa ko ibisubizo byisesengura hamwe nubushishozi bwibinyabuzima bifitanye isano bishobora gutanga inzira yuburyo bushya bwo kwisuzumisha no kuvura bushobora kugira uruhare runini mugukoresha imiti itomoye mugihe kizaza, bivuye mubice bya fiziki.Gukura gukorana hagati yibinyabuzima biratangiye.
Hamwe nogutezimbere umubare munini wibikorwa byubuvuzi, gukenera kugabanya ingaruka mbi kubarwayi byatangiye kugaragara.Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, ubuvuzi bwuzuye1, 2, 3, 4, 5 bwabaye intego yingenzi yo kugabanya urugero rwibiyobyabwenge bihabwa abarwayi, cyane cyane muburyo bubiri nyamukuru.Iya mbere ishingiye ku buvuzi bwateguwe ukurikije imiterere ya genomic yumurwayi.Iya kabiri, ihinduka igipimo cya zahabu muri oncologiya, igamije kwirinda uburyo bwo gutanga imiti itunganijwe mugerageza kurekura ibiyobyabwenge bike, mugihe kimwe no kongera ubunyangamugayo hakoreshejwe imiti yaho.Intego nyamukuru nugukuraho cyangwa byibuze kugabanya ingaruka mbi zuburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura, nka chimiotherapie cyangwa ubuyobozi bwa sisitemu ya radionuclide.Bitewe n'ubwoko bwa kanseri, aho biherereye, urugero rw'imirasire, n'ibindi bintu, ndetse no kuvura imirasire birashobora kugira ibyago byinshi byangiza umubiri.Mu kuvura glioblastoma6,7,8,9 kubagwa bikuraho neza kanseri yanduye, ariko nubwo hatabayeho metastase, kanseri ntoya ishobora kuba ihari.Niba bidakuweho burundu, imbaga nshya ya kanseri irashobora gukura mugihe gito.Ni muri urwo rwego, ingamba z’ubuvuzi zimaze kuvugwa ziragoye kubishyira mu bikorwa kubera ko abo binjira bigoye kumenya no gukwirakwira ahantu hanini.Izi mbogamizi zibuza ibisubizo nyabyo mukurinda ko hagira imiti isubirana nubuvuzi bwuzuye, bityo uburyo bwo gutanga sisitemu bukundwa mubihe bimwe na bimwe, nubwo imiti yakoreshejwe ishobora kugira uburozi bukabije.Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura bwaba ari ugukoresha ingamba zoroheje zishobora gutera kanseri ya kanseri bitagize ingaruka ku ngingo nziza.Ukurikije iyi mpaka, gukoresha ibinyeganyega bya ultrasonic, byagaragaye ko bigira ingaruka ku ngirabuzimafatizo za kanseri kandi zifite ubuzima butandukanye, haba muri sisitemu imwe, ndetse no muri mesoscale ya heterogeneous cluster, bisa nkigisubizo gishoboka.
Duhereye ku buryo bwa mehaniki, selile nzima na kanseri mubyukuri zifite imirongo itandukanye ya resonant.Uyu mutungo ujyanye nimpinduka za oncogeneque mumiterere yimiterere yimiterere ya cytoskeletal ya selile kanseri 12,13, mugihe selile yibibyimba, ugereranije, ihindagurika kuruta selile zisanzwe.Rero, hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo inshuro ya ultrasound kugirango ikangurwe, kunyeganyega guterwa ahantu hatoranijwe bishobora kwangiza imiterere ya kanseri nzima, bikagabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije byubuzima bwiza.Izi ngaruka zitarasobanuka neza zishobora kuba zirimo gusenya ibice bimwe na bimwe byubaka ingirabuzimafatizo bitewe no guhindagurika kwinshi kwatewe na ultrasound (mubyukuri bisa na lithotripsy14) no kwangirika kwa selile bitewe nikintu gisa numunaniro wa mashini, nacyo gishobora guhindura imiterere ya selile .gahunda na mehanobiology.Nubwo iki gisubizo cyibisobanuro gisa nkicyiza cyane, ikibabaje ntigishobora gukoreshwa mugihe aho ibinyabuzima bya anechoic biologique bibuza gukoresha ultrasound mu buryo butaziguye, urugero, mubisabwa mu mitsi bitewe no kuba hari amagufwa, kandi ibibyimba bimwe na bimwe byamabere biri muri adipose tissue.Attenuation irashobora kugabanya urubuga rwingaruka zo kuvura.Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke, ultrasound igomba gukoreshwa mugace hamwe na transducer zabugenewe zishobora kugera kurubuga rwumucyo kuburyo budashoboka bishoboka.Tuzirikana ibi, twasuzumye uburyo bwo gukoresha ibitekerezo bijyanye no gushiraho uburyo bushya bwikoranabuhanga bwitwa "ibitaro byurushinge" 15.Igitekerezo cya "Ibitaro mu rushinge" gikubiyemo iterambere ryibikoresho byubuvuzi byibasiye cyane kubisuzuma no kuvura, bishingiye ku guhuza imirimo itandukanye murushinge rumwe rwubuvuzi.Nkuko byaganiriweho mu buryo burambuye mu gice cy’urushinge rw’ibitaro, iki gikoresho cyoroheje gishingiye cyane cyane ku nyungu za 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 fibre optique, bitewe n’imiterere yabyo, ikwiriye kwinjizwa muri 20 isanzwe inshinge zo kwa muganga, lumens 22.Gukoresha uburyo bworoshye butangwa na tekinoroji ya Lab-on-Fibre (LOF) 23, fibre iragenda ihinduka urubuga rwihariye rwa miniaturizasi kandi yiteguye gukoresha ibikoresho byo gusuzuma no kuvura, harimo amazi ya biopsy hamwe nibikoresho bya biopsy.muri biomolecular detection 24,25, iyobowe n’umucyo woherejwe n’ibiyobyabwenge 26,27, amashusho y’ibanze ya ultrasound yerekana amashusho 28, kuvura amashyanyarazi 29,30 hamwe na kanseri ya kanseri ya sprosroscopi.Muri iki gitekerezo, dukoresheje uburyo bwaho bushingiye ku gikoresho cy '“urushinge mu bitaro”, dukora iperereza ku buryo bwo guhuza imbaraga z’imiterere y’ibinyabuzima by’ibinyabuzima dukoresheje ikwirakwizwa ry’imiraba ya ultrasound binyuze mu nshinge kugira ngo dushimishe imiraba ya ultrasound mu karere gashimishije..Niyo mpamvu, ubukana buke bwo kuvura ultrasound irashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa n’uturemangingo duto duto twa sonicating selile hamwe nuduce duto duto duto duto duto, nkuko bimeze kubijyanye no kubaga imitsi yavuzwe haruguru, umwobo muto mu gihanga ugomba kwinjizwamo hamwe na inshinge.Ahumekewe n'ibisubizo bya vuba hamwe nubushakashatsi byerekana ko ultrasound ishobora guhagarika cyangwa kudindiza iterambere rya kanseri zimwe na zimwe, 32,33,34 uburyo bwateganijwe bushobora gufasha gukemura, byibuze muri rusange, ubucuruzi bwingenzi hagati yingaruka ziterwa no gukiza.Hamwe nibitekerezo, murimpapuro zubu, turasesengura uburyo dushobora gukoresha ibikoresho byinshinge zo mubitaro mubitaro bya ultrasound bivura kanseri.Birushijeho gusobanuka, mubisesengura rya Spherical Tumor Masses yo Kugereranya Gukura-Biterwa na Ultrasound Frequency igice, dukoresha uburyo bwa elastodinamike bwashizweho neza hamwe na acoustic yo gukwirakwiza acoustic kugirango tumenye ubunini bwibibyimba bikomeye bikura muburyo bworoshye.gukomera bibaho hagati yikibyimba nuduce twakiriye bitewe no gukura-guterwa no guhindura ibintu.Tumaze gusobanura sisitemu yacu, ibyo twita "Ibitaro mu Rushinge", mu gice cyitwa "Ibitaro mu Rushinge", turasesengura ikwirakwizwa ry’imiraba ya ultrasonic ikoresheje inshinge z’ubuvuzi kuri radiyo zahanuwe kandi uburyo bwabo bwo kubara butera ibidukikije kwiga. ibipimo nyamukuru bya geometrike (diameter yimbere yimbere, uburebure nuburemere bwurushinge), bigira ingaruka kumyuka yimbaraga za acoustic igikoresho.Bitewe no gukenera gushyiraho ingamba nshya z’ubuhanga mu buvuzi bwuzuye, byemezwa ko ubushakashatsi bwateganijwe bushobora gufasha mu guteza imbere igikoresho gishya cyo kuvura kanseri hashingiwe ku gukoresha ultrasound yatanzwe binyuze mu mbuga ihuriweho na tragnostic ihuza ultrasound n’ibindi bisubizo.Hamwe na hamwe, nko gutanga ibiyobyabwenge bigamije no kwisuzumisha-mugihe kimwe murushinge rumwe.
Ingaruka zo gutanga ingamba zokoresha uburyo bwo kuvura ibibyimba bikomeye byaho ukoresheje ultrasonic (ultrasound) byabaye intego yimpapuro nyinshi zivuga haba mubitekerezo ndetse no mubigeragezo hamwe ningaruka ziterwa no guhindagurika gukabije kwa ultrasonic kuri sisitemu imwe 10, 11, 12 ..Igisubizo cyerekana ko, mubisanzwe, selile yibibyimba ishobora kwibasirwa nuburyo bwo gukanika imashini ibungabunga ibidukikije.Iyi myitwarire ningaruka zitaziguye zerekana ibimenyetso byingenzi byerekana ko, akenshi, selile yibibyimba byoroshye kurusha selile nzima, birashoboka ko byongera ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwiyongera no kwimuka 37,38,39,40.Ukurikije ibisubizo byabonetse hamwe na selile imwe, urugero kuri microscale, guhitamo ingirabuzimafatizo za kanseri byagaragaye no kuri mesoscale binyuze mubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwibisubizo bihuza ibisubizo byingirabuzimafatizo.Gutanga ijanisha ritandukanye rya selile na selile nzima, igizwe na micrometero amagana yubunini bwubatswe muburyo bukurikira.Kuri mesolevel yibi byegeranijwe, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya microscopique biranga inyungu birabikwa kubera gushyira mu bikorwa mu buryo butaziguye ibintu nyamukuru byubaka biranga imyitwarire yimikorere ya selile imwe.By'umwihariko, buri selire ikoresha ubwubatsi bushingiye ku bwubatsi kugira ngo yigane igisubizo cy’imiterere itandukanye ya cytoskeletal izwi, bityo bikagira ingaruka ku gukomera kwabo muri rusange 12,13.Ubuhanuzi bwa Theoretical no mubushakashatsi bwa vitro bwibitabo byavuzwe haruguru byatanze ibisubizo bishimishije, byerekana ko ari ngombwa kwiga ibyiyumvo by’ibibyimba biterwa na ultrasound yo kuvura cyane (LITUS), kandi gusuzuma inshuro nyinshi imirasire y’ibibyimba ni ngombwa.umwanya LITUS kumurongo wo gusaba.
Nyamara, kurwego rwa tissue, ibisobanuro bya submacroscopique yibigize buriwese byanze bikunze byatakaye, kandi imiterere yumubiri wibibyimba irashobora gukurikiranwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bukurikiranye kugirango ukurikirane imikurire rusange hamwe nuburyo bwo guhindura ibintu, hitawe ku ngaruka za macroscopique. gukura.-impinduka zatewe no guhindagurika kwa tissue ku gipimo cya 41.42.Mubyukuri, bitandukanye na sisitemu idasanzwe kandi yegeranye, ubwinshi bwibibyimba bikura mumyanya yoroheje bitewe no kwegeranya buhoro buhoro imitekerereze ya aberrant isigara, ihindura imiterere ya mashini karemano bitewe nubwiyongere bukabije bwimikorere idahwitse, kandi sclerose yibibyimba akenshi iba ikintu cyerekana muri ibibyimba.
Hamwe nibitekerezo, hano turasesengura sonodynamic igisubizo cyibibyimba spheroide byagereranijwe nkibintu byoroshye bya elastique bikura mubidukikije bisanzwe.Mubyukuri, imiterere ya elastique ijyanye nicyiciro cyibibyimba yagenwe hashingiwe kubisubizo byubushakashatsi nubushakashatsi byabonetse nabanditsi bamwe mubikorwa byabanjirije.Muri byo, ubwihindurize bwibibyimba bikomeye bya spheroide ikura muri vivo mubitangazamakuru bitavugirwamo ubushakashatsi bwakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukanika imashini zidafite umurongo 41,43,44 zifatanije nimbaraga za interspecies kugirango hamenyekane iterambere ryibibyimba hamwe nihungabana rishingiye ku nda.Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, gukura (urugero, kwifata rudasanzwe) hamwe no guhangayika gusigara bitera guhindura buhoro buhoro imiterere yibintu byikibyimba, bityo bigahindura igisubizo cya acoustic.Ni ngombwa kumenya ko muri ref.41 ihindagurika ryikura hamwe nihungabana rikomeye mubyimba byagaragaye mubukangurambaga bwubushakashatsi mubyitegererezo by'inyamaswa.By'umwihariko, kugereranya ubukana bwimbaraga zibyimba byamabere byagaragaye mubyiciro bitandukanye hamwe nubukomezi bwabonetse mugukora ibintu bisa muri silico kumurongo wikintu cyanyuma kandi ufite ibipimo bimwe kandi ukurikije urwego rwahanuwe rusigaye rwemeza uburyo bwateganijwe bwo icyitegererezo..Muri iki gikorwa, ibisubizo byabonetse mbere nibisubizo byubushakashatsi bikoreshwa mugutegura ingamba nshya zo kuvura.By'umwihariko, ibipimo byahanuwe bifite imiterere ihuye n’ubwihindurize byabazwe hano, byakoreshejwe rero mu kugereranya inshuro zingana n’ibibyimba byinjiye mu bidukikije byakiriwe neza.Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, twasesenguye imyitwarire yingirakamaro yibibyimba mubyiciro bitandukanye, byafashwe mubyiciro bitandukanye, tuzirikana ibipimo bya acoustic dukurikije ihame ryemewe ryemewe ryo gutatanya hasubijwe imbaraga za ultrasonic no kwerekana ibintu bishobora kuba byumvikana kuri spheroid. .ukurikije ikibyimba hamwe nuwakiriye Gukura guterwa no gukomera hagati yimyenda.
Rero, ibibyimba byikigereranyo byagereranijwe nkibice bya elastike ya radiyo \ (a \) mubidukikije bikikije elastike ya nyirarureshwa hashingiwe kumibare yubushakashatsi yerekana uburyo imiterere mibi mibi ikura muburyo bwimiterere.Kwerekeza ku gishushanyo cya 1, ukoresheje umurongo uhuza \ (\ {r, \ theta, \ varphi \} \) (aho \ (\ theta \) na \ (\ varphi \) byerekana inguni idasanzwe na angimuth inguni), the ikibyimba gifata Akarere kashyizwe mumwanya muzima \ ({\ mathcal {V}} _ {T} = \ {(r, \ theta, \ varphi): r \ le a \} \) akarere katagira umupaka \ ({\ mathcal { V}} _ {H} = \ {(r, \ theta, \ varphi): r> a \} \).Twifashishije amakuru yinyongera (SI) kugirango asobanure neza imiterere yimibare ishingiye kubishingwe neza byashizweho na elastodinamike byavuzwe mubitabo byinshi 45,46,47,48, turasuzuma hano ikibazo kirangwa nuburyo bwo guhindagurika kwa axisymmetric.Iki gitekerezo cyerekana ko impinduka zose ziri mu kibyimba n’ahantu heza zidashingiye ku guhuza azimuthal \ (\ varphi \) kandi ko nta kugoreka kugaragara muri iki cyerekezo.Kubwibyo, kwimura no guhagarika imirima birashobora kuboneka mubintu bibiri bya scalar \ (\ phi = \ ingofero {\ phi} \ ibumoso ({r, \ theta} \ iburyo) e ^ {{- i \ omega {\ kern 1pt} t}} \) na \ (\ chi = \ ingofero {\ chi} \ ibumoso ({r, \ theta} \ iburyo) e ^ {{- i \ omega {\ kern 1pt} t}} \), ni bikurikiranye bifitanye isano n'umuhengeri muremure na shear wave, igihe cyo guhura t t hagati yo kwiyongera \ (\ theta \) nu mfuruka hagati yicyerekezo cyerekezo cyabaye hamwe na vectori yumwanya \ ({\ mathbf {x)) \) ( nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1) na \ (\ omega = 2 \ pi f \) byerekana inshuro zingana.By'umwihariko, ikibanza cyabereye cyerekanwe nicyerekezo cyindege \ (\ phi_ {H} ^ {(muri)} \) (nacyo cyatangijwe muri sisitemu ya SI, muburinganire (A.9)) gikwirakwiza mubunini bwumubiri ukurikije imvugo
aho \ (\ phi_ {0} \) ni ibipimo bya amplitude.Kwaguka kwagutse kwindege yibyabaye (1) ukoresheje imikorere ya spherical wave imikorere ni ingingo isanzwe:
Aho \ (j_ {n} \) nigikorwa cya Bessel cyimikorere yubwoko bwa mbere bwurutonde \ (n \), na \ (P_ {n} \) ni Legendre polinomial.Igice cyibintu byabaye murwego rwishoramari bikwirakwijwe muburyo bukikije kandi bigahuzagurika aho byabereye, mugihe ikindi gice cyanyanyagiye imbere murwego, bigira uruhare mukuzunguruka.Kugirango ukore ibi, ibisubizo bihuje byo kugereranya umuraba \ (\ nabla ^ {2} \ hat {\ phi} + k_ {1} ^ {2} {\ mkern 1mu} \ hat {\ phi} = 0 \, \ ) na \ (\ nabla ^ {2} {\ mkern 1mu} \ ingofero {\ chi} + k_ {2} ^ {2} \ ingofero {\ chi} = 0 \), byatanzwe urugero na Eringen45 (reba na SI ) irashobora kwerekana ibibyimba hamwe nubuzima bwiza.By'umwihariko, gutatanya kwaguka kwinshi hamwe na isovolumic waves byakozwe mubiciriritse \ (H \) byemera imbaraga zabo zishoboka:
Muri byo, imikorere ya Hankel ya spherical yubwoko bwa mbere \ (h_ {n} ^ {(1)} \) ikoreshwa mugusuzuma imiraba isohoka, kandi \ (\ alpha_ {n} \) na \ (\ beta_ { n} \) ni coefficient zitamenyekana.mu kuringaniza.Mu kuringaniza (2) - (4), ijambo \ (k_ {H1} \) na \ (k_ {H2} \) ryerekana umubare w’umuraba w’ibidasanzwe hamwe n’imivumba ihindagurika mu gice kinini cy’umubiri, ( reba SI).Imirima yo kwikuramo imbere yibibyimba no guhinduranya bifite form
Aho \ (k_ {T1} \) na \ (k_ {T2} \) byerekana imibare miremire kandi ihindagurika mukarere kibyimba, kandi coefficient itazwi ni \ (\ gamma_ {n} {\ mkern 1mu} \), \ (\ eta_ {n} {\ mkern 1mu} \).Ukurikije ibisubizo, ibice bitandukanya zeru na radiyo bitandukanya biranga uturere twiza mubibazo bisuzumwa, nka \ (u_ {Hr} \) na \ (u_ {H \ theta} \) (\ (u_ { H \ varphi} \) igitekerezo cyo guhuza ibitekerezo ntigikenewe) - gishobora kuboneka mubyerekeranye \ (u_ {Hr} = \ igice_ {r} \ ibumoso ({\ phi + \ igice_ {r} (r \ chi) } \ iburyo) + k _} ^ {2} {\ mkern 1mu} r \ chi \) na \ (u_ {H \ theta} = r ^ {- 1} \ igice _ {\ theta} \ ibumoso ({\ phi + \ igice_ {r r (\ chi = \ chi_ {H} ^ {(s)} \) (reba SI kubisobanuro birambuye by'imibare).Mu buryo nk'ubwo, gusimbuza \ (\ phi = \ phi_ {T} ^ {(s)} \) na \ (\ chi = \ chi_ {T} ^ {(s)} \) bigaruka {Tr} = \ igice_ {r} \ ibumoso ({\ phi + \ igice_ {r} (r \ chi)} \ iburyo) + k_ {T2} ^ {2} {\ mkern 1mu} r \ chi \) na \ (u_ {T \ theta} = r ^ {- 1} \ igice _ {\ theta} \ ibumoso ({\ phi + \ igice_ {r} (r \ chi)} \ iburyo) \).
. bivuye mubizamini byo kwikuramo vitro yabonetse mubyimba bikomeye byamabere yatewe na selile MDA-MB-231.
Dufate ko ibikoresho bya elastike na isotropique, ibice bitarimo zeru mubice byubuzima bwiza nibibyimba, ni ukuvuga \ (\ sigma_ {Hpq} \) na \ (\ sigma_ {Tpq} \) - bubahiriza amategeko rusange ya Hooke, dore ko ahari bitandukanye na Lamé moduli, iranga host na tumor elastique, yerekanwe nka \ (\ {\ mu_ {H}, \, \ lambda_ {H} \} \) na \ (\ {\ mu_ {T}, \, \ lambda_ {T} \} \) (reba Ikigereranyo (A.11) kugirango ugaragaze byuzuye ibice bigize stress bigaragarira muri SI).By'umwihariko, ukurikije amakuru avugwa muri 41 kandi yerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 1, ibibyimba bikura byerekanaga ihinduka ryimiterere ya tissue.Rero, kwimuka no guhangayika mukarere ka nyirarureshwa hamwe nibibyimba byagenwe rwose kugeza kumurongo utazwi \ ({{\ varvec {\ upxi}}} _ {n} = \ {\ alpha_ {n}, {\ mkern 1mu } \ beta_ {n} {\ mkern 1mu} \ gamma_ {n}, \ eta_ {n} \} \) ifite ibipimo bitagira umupaka.Kugirango ubone izo coefficient vectors, intera ikwiye hamwe nimbibi zimbibi hagati yikibyimba nuduce twiza.Dufashe guhuza neza kuri tume-host interface \ (r = a \), gukomeza kwimuka no guhangayika bisaba ibintu bikurikira:
Sisitemu (7) ikora sisitemu yo kugereranya hamwe nibisubizo bitagira umupaka.Mubyongeyeho, buri mipaka imiterere izaterwa na anomaly \ (\ theta \).Kugabanya ikibazo cyagaciro kimbibi kukibazo cyuzuye cya algebraic hamwe na \ (N \) sisitemu ya sisitemu ifunze, buri kimwe muricyo kitazwi \ ({{\ varvec {\ upxi}}} _ {n} = \ {\ alpha_ {n}, {\ mkern 1mu} \ beta_ {n} {\ mkern 1mu} \ gamma_ {n}, \ eta_ {n} \} _ {n = 0,…, N} \) (hamwe na \ (N \ Kuri \ infty \), mubyukuri), no gukuraho gushingira kuburinganire kumagambo ya trigonometric, imiterere yimiterere yanditswe muburyo budakomeye ukoresheje imitekerereze ya Legendre polinomial.By'umwihariko, ikigereranyo (7) 1,2 na (7) 3,4 cyikubye na \ (P_ {n} \ ibumoso ({\ cos \ theta} \ iburyo) \) na \ (P_ {n} ^ { 1} \ ibumoso ({\ cos \ theta} \ iburyo) \) hanyuma uhuze hagati ya \ (0 \) na \ (\ pi \) ukoresheje imibare:
Rero, imiterere yimiterere (7) isubiza sisitemu yo kugereranya ya algebraic ya quadratic, ishobora kugaragazwa muburyo bwa matrix nka \ ({\ mathbb {D}} _ {n} (a) \ cdot {{\ varvec {\ upxi}} } {{
Kugereranya ingufu zitatanye zikwirakwira no kubona amakuru kubyerekeranye nigisubizo cyayo acoustic hashingiwe kumibare yumurima watatanye ukwirakwira muburyo bwakiriwe, ubwinshi bwa acoustic burashimishije, nigice gisanzwe cya bistatike ikwirakwizwa.By'umwihariko, gutatanya igice cyambukiranya, cyerekanwe \ (s), kigaragaza ikigereranyo kiri hagati yimbaraga za acoustic zoherejwe nikimenyetso gitatanye no kugabana ingufu zitwarwa numuhengeri.Ni muri urwo rwego, ubunini bwimikorere yimiterere \ (\ ibumoso | {F _ {\ infty} \ ibumoso (\ theta \ iburyo)} \ iburyo | byinjijwe mumazi cyangwa akomeye Gukwirakwiza ibintu mubutaka.Byukuri, amplitude yimikorere yimiterere isobanurwa nkibice bitandukanye byo gutatanya ibice \ (ds \) kuri buri gice, gitandukana nibisanzwe nicyerekezo cyo gukwirakwiza ibyabaye:
aho \ (f_ {n} ^ {}} ibyabaye P-umuyaga muburyo bwakirwa, bitangwa hamwe nijambo rikurikira:
Imikorere yumurongo wigice (10) irashobora kwigwa yigenga ukurikije inyigisho ya resonant ikwirakwiza (RST) 49,50,51,52, ituma bishoboka gutandukanya elastique yintego numurima wazimiye mugihe wiga muburyo butandukanye.Ukurikije ubu buryo, imikorere yuburyo bwa modal irashobora kubora mubice bibiri bingana, aribyo \ (f_ {n} = f_ {n} ^ {(res)} + f_ {n} ^ {(b)} \ ) bifitanye isano na reonant na nonresonant background amplitude, kimwe.Imiterere yimikorere yuburyo bwa resonant ifitanye isano nigisubizo cyintego, mugihe inyuma isanzwe ifitanye isano nuburyo bwo gutatanya.Kugirango umenye uburyo bwa mbere bwintego kuri buri buryo, amplitude yimikorere ya modal resonance yimikorere \ (\ ibumoso | {f_ {n} ^ {(res)} \ ibumoso (\ theta \ iburyo)} \ iburyo | \) ni i Kubara Dufashe Inyuma Ikomeye, igizwe na sisitemu idashobora kwinjizwa mubintu byoroshye.Iyi hypothesis iterwa nuko, muri rusange, gukomera nubucucike byiyongera hamwe no gukura kwibyimba byikibyimba bitewe nihungabana risigaye.Rero, kurwego rukomeye rwo gukura, igipimo cyimbogamizi \ (\ rho_ {T} c_ {1T} / \ rho_ {H} c_ {1H} \) biteganijwe ko kizaba kirenze 1 kubibyimba byinshi bya macroscopique bikura byoroshye imyenda.Kurugero, Krouskop n'abandi.53 yatangaje ko ikigereranyo cya kanseri na modulus isanzwe igera kuri 4 kuri tissue ya prostate, mugihe agaciro kiyongereye kugera kuri 20 kuburugero rwamabere.Iyi mibanire byanze bikunze ihindura inzitizi ya acoustic ya tissue, nkuko bigaragazwa nisesengura rya elastografiya 54,55,56, kandi irashobora kuba ifitanye isano no kubyimba kwimyanya myanya iterwa na hyperproliferation.Iri tandukaniro ryagaragaye kandi mubigeragezo hifashishijwe ibizamini byoroheje byo kwikuramo ibibyimba byamabere bikura mubyiciro bitandukanye32, kandi kuvugurura ibikoresho birashobora gukurikizwa neza hamwe nubwoko bwubwoko butandukanye bwerekana ibibyimba bidakura umurongo 43,44.Amakuru yo gukomera yabonetse ajyanye nubwihindurize bwa Modulus yumusore wibibyimba bikomeye ukurikije formula \ (E_ {T} = S \ ibumoso ({1 - \ nu ^ {2}} \ iburyo) / a \ sqrt \ varepsilon \) (imirima ifite radiyo \ (a \), gukomera \ (S \) nigipimo cya Poisson \ (\ nu \) hagati yamasahani abiri akomeye 57, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1).Rero, birashoboka kubona ibipimo bya acoustic impedance yibibyimba hamwe na nyirarureshwa murwego rutandukanye rwo gukura.By'umwihariko, ugereranije na modulus yinyama zisanzwe zingana na kPa 2 ku gishushanyo 1, modulus ya elastike yibibyimba byamabere mubunini bwa mm 500 kugeza 1250 mm3 byatumye kwiyongera kuva kuri kPa 10 kugera kuri 16 kPa, aribyo bihuye namakuru yatangajwe.mubisobanuro 58, 59 byagaragaye ko umuvuduko wintangangore zamabere ari 0.25-4 kPa hamwe no kubura precompression.Dufate kandi ko igipimo cya Poisson cyumubiri hafi ya 41.60, bivuze ko ubwinshi bwimyenda idahinduka cyane uko amajwi yiyongera.By'umwihariko, impuzandengo yabaturage benshi \ (\ rho = 945 \, {\ inyandiko {kg}} \, {\ inyandiko {m}} ^ {- 3} \) 61 irakoreshwa.Hamwe nibitekerezo, gukomera birashobora gufata imiterere yinyuma ukoresheje imvugo ikurikira:
Aho itazwi ihoraho \ (\ ubugari {{{\ varvec {\ upxi)))) _ {n} = \ {\ delta_ {n}, \ upsilon_ {n} \} \) irashobora kubarwa ukurikije ubudahwema kubogama (7) 2,4, ni ukuvuga, mugukemura sisitemu ya algebraic \ (\ widehat {{\ mathbb {D}}} _ {n} (a) \ cdot \ widehat {({\ varvec {\ upxi}} }} _ {n} = \ ubugari {{\ mathbf {q}}} _ {n} (a) \) irimo abana bato \ (\ widehat {{\ mathbb {D}}} _ {n} (a) = \ {{\ mathbb {D}} _ {n} (a) \} _ {{\ {(1,3), (1,3) \}}} \) hamwe na vector yinkingi yoroshye \ (\ widehat {{\ mathbf {q}}} _ {n} (а) \). \ ibumoso ({res} \ iburyo) \, pp}} \ ibumoso (\ theta \ iburyo)} \ iburyo | = = ibumoso | n} ^ {pp (b)} \ ibumoso (\ theta \ iburyo)} \ iburyo | \) na \ (\ ibumoso | {f_ {n} ^ {{\ ibumoso ({res} \ iburyo) \, ps} } \ ibumoso (\ theta \ iburyo)} \ iburyo | = \ ibumoso | {f_ {n} ^ {ps} \ ibumoso (\ theta \ iburyo) - f_ {n} ^ {ps (b)} \ ibumoso (\ theta \ iburyo)} \ iburyo | \) bivuga kwishima P-no kwerekana P- na S-wave.Byongeye, amplitude yambere yagereranijwe nka \ (\ theta = \ pi \), naho amplitude ya kabiri yagereranijwe nka \ (\ theta = \ pi / 4 \).Mugutwara ibintu bitandukanye bigize ibice.Igishushanyo cya 2 cyerekana ko ibintu byerekana imiterere ya spheroide yibibyimba bigera kuri mm 15 z'umurambararo byibanda cyane kuri bande ya 50-400 kHz, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko bishoboka gukoresha ultrasound nkeya kugirango utere ibibyimba bya resonant.selile.Byinshi.Muri iri tsinda ryinshyi, isesengura RST ryerekanye uburyo bumwe bwuburyo bwa 1 kugeza kuri 6, bwerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 3. Hano, byombi pp- na ps-bitatanye byerekanwa byerekana ubwoko bwambere, bibaho kuri frequency nkeya cyane, byiyongera kuva hafi 20 kHz kuburyo bwa 1 kugeza kuri 60 kHz kuri n = 6, byerekana ko nta tandukaniro rinini rigaragara kuri radiyo.Imikorere ya resonant ps noneho irangirika, mugihe ihuriro ryimiterere nini ya amplitude pp itanga igihe cyigihe kingana na 60 kHz, yerekana ihinduka ryinshi ryihuta hamwe nubwiyongere bwimibare.Isesengura ryose ryakozwe hakoreshejwe software ya Mathematica®62.
Ifishi yinyuma yibikorwa yabonetse muri module yibibyimba byamabere yubunini butandukanye irerekanwa ku gishushanyo 1, aho imirongo myinshi yo gutatanya igaragazwa harebwa uburyo superposition.
Ibisubizo byuburyo bwatoranijwe kuva \ (n = 1 \) kugeza kuri \ (n = 6 \), ubaze iyo ushimishijwe no kwerekana P-wave ku bunini butandukanye bwibibyimba (imirongo yumukara kuva \ (\ ibumoso | {f_ {n} ^) {{\ ibumoso ({res} \ iburyo) \, pp}} \ ibumoso (\ pi \ iburyo)} \ iburyo | = = ibumoso | f_ {n} ^ {p f_ {n} ^ {{\ ibumoso ({res} \ iburyo) \, ps}} \ ibumoso ({\ pi / 4} \ iburyo)} \ iburyo | = \ ibumoso | \ ibumoso ({\ pi / 4} \ iburyo) - f_ {n} ^ {ps (b)} \ ibumoso ({\ pi / 4} \ iburyo)} \ iburyo | \)).
Ibisubizo by'iri sesengura ryibanze ukoresheje ahantu harehare hashobora gukwirakwizwa hashobora kuyobora ihitamo rya disiki yihariye ya drayike mu bigereranyo bikurikira kugirango twige ingaruka ziterwa na microvibration kuri misa.Ibisubizo byerekana ko kalibrasi yinshyi nziza ishobora kuba yihariye mugihe cyo gukura kwikibyimba kandi irashobora kugenwa ukoresheje ibisubizo byuburyo bwo gukura kugirango hashyizweho ingamba za biomehanike zikoreshwa mukuvura indwara kugirango hamenyekane neza ivugurura ryimitsi.
Iterambere ryibonekeje muri nanotehnologiya ritera umuryango wubumenyi gushakisha ibisubizo nuburyo bushya bwo guteza imbere ibikoresho byubuvuzi byoroheje kandi byibasiye cyane mubikorwa bya vivo.Ni muri urwo rwego, tekinoroji ya LOF yerekanye ubushobozi budasanzwe bwo kwagura ubushobozi bwa fibre optique, ituma habaho iterambere ryibikoresho bishya byibasiye fibre optique ikoreshwa mubuzima bwa siyanse yubuzima21, 63, 64, 65. Igitekerezo cyo guhuza ibikoresho 2D na 3D hamwe nubushakashatsi bwifuzwa, ibinyabuzima, na optique kumpande 25 na / cyangwa kurangiza 64 ya fibre optique hamwe nubugenzuzi bwuzuye kuri nanoscale biganisha ku kuvuka kwicyiciro gishya cya fibre optique nanooptode.ifite ibikorwa byinshi byo gusuzuma no kuvura.Igishimishije, bitewe nuburinganire bwa geometrike nubukanishi (igice gito cyambukiranya, igipimo kinini cyerekana, guhinduka, uburemere buke) hamwe na biocompatibilité yibikoresho (mubisanzwe ibirahuri cyangwa polymers), fibre optique irakwiriye kwinjizwa inshinge na catheters.Porogaramu z'ubuvuzi20, zitanga inzira ku cyerekezo gishya cy '“ibitaro by'urushinge” (reba Ishusho 4).
Mubyukuri, bitewe nurwego rwubwisanzure butangwa nikoranabuhanga rya LOF, ukoresheje guhuza mikoro na nanostructures ikozwe mubikoresho bitandukanye byuma na / cyangwa dielectric, fibre optique irashobora gukoreshwa neza kubikorwa byihariye bikunze gushyigikira uburyo bwo kwishima., Umucyo umurima 21 urahagaze cyane.Kubika urumuri ku gipimo cya subwavelength, akenshi bifatanije no gutunganya imiti na / cyangwa gutunganya ibinyabuzima63 hamwe no guhuza ibikoresho byoroshye nka polymers yubwenge 65,66 birashobora kongera imbaraga mugucunga imikoranire yumucyo nibintu, bishobora kuba ingirakamaro mubikorwa bya theranostique.Guhitamo ubwoko nubunini bwibigize / ibikoresho biragaragara ko biterwa nibintu bifatika, ibinyabuzima cyangwa imiti bigomba kumenyekana21,63.
Kwinjiza LOF iperereza mu nshinge zubuvuzi zerekejwe ahantu runaka mu mubiri bizafasha amazi ya biopies ya tissue na vivo muri vivo, bizemerera icyarimwe kuvura kwaho, kugabanya ingaruka no kongera imikorere.Amahirwe ashobora kuba arimo kumenya ibinyabuzima bitandukanye bizenguruka, harimo na kanseri.biomarkers cyangwa microRNAs (miRNAs) 67, kumenyekanisha ingirangingo za kanseri ukoresheje umurongo utagaragara kandi utari umurongo nka Raman spectroscopie (SERS) 31, amashusho yerekana amashusho yerekana amashusho 22,28,68, kubaga laser na ablation69, hamwe nibiyobyabwenge byoherejwe hakoreshejwe urumuri27 na kuyobora byikora inshinge mumubiri wumuntu20.Birakwiye ko tumenya ko nubwo gukoresha fibre optique birinda ingaruka zisanzwe zuburyo bwa "classique" bushingiye kubikoresho bya elegitoroniki, nko gukenera imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi no kuba hari interineti ikora, ibyo bituma sensor zitandukanye za LOF zinjizwa neza muri Sisitemu.inshinge imwe yo kwa muganga.By'umwihariko hagomba kwitabwaho kugabanya ingaruka mbi nk’umwanda, kwivanga kwa optique, inzitizi zumubiri zitera ingaruka zinyuranye hagati yimirimo itandukanye.Ariko, ni ukuri kandi ko imirimo myinshi yavuzwe itagomba gukora icyarimwe.Iyi ngingo ituma bishoboka kugabanya byibuze kwivanga, bityo bikagabanya ingaruka mbi kumikorere ya buri perereza nukuri kubikorwa.Ibi bitekerezo bidufasha kubona igitekerezo cy "urushinge mubitaro" nkicyerekezo cyoroshye cyo gushiraho urufatiro rukomeye rwibisekuruza bizaza byo kuvura inshinge mubuzima bwa siyanse.
Kubireba porogaramu yihariye yaganiriweho muriyi nyandiko, mu gice gikurikira tuzasesengura imibare yubushobozi bwurushinge rwubuvuzi rwo kuyobora imiraba ya ultrasonic mumyanya yabantu dukoresheje ikwirakwizwa ryayo.
Gukwirakwiza imiraba ya ultrasonic ikoresheje urushinge rwubuvuzi rwuzuyemo amazi hanyuma ikinjizwa mu ngingo zoroshye (reba igishushanyo ku gishushanyo cya 5a) cyerekanwe hakoreshejwe porogaramu y’ubucuruzi ya Comsol Multiphysics ishingiye ku buryo bwanyuma (FEM) 70, aho urushinge na tissue byerekanwe. nkibidukikije bigororotse.
Urebye ku gishushanyo cya 5b, urushinge rugereranywa na silindiri idafite umwobo (izwi kandi nka “cannula”) ikozwe mu byuma bitagira umwanda, ibikoresho bisanzwe ku nshinge z’ubuvuzi71.By'umwihariko, yagereranijwe na Modulus ya Young E = 205 GPa, igipimo cya Poisson ν = 0.28, n'ubucucike ρ = 7850 kg m −372.73.Mu buryo bwa geometrike, urushinge rurangwa n'uburebure L, diameter y'imbere D (nanone yitwa "clearance") n'ubugari bw'urukuta t.Mubyongeyeho, isonga y'urushinge ifatwa nkaho ihindagurika ku nguni α kubijyanye n'icyerekezo kirekire (z).Ubwinshi bwamazi burahuye nuburyo imiterere yakarere kambere k'urushinge.Muri iri sesengura ryibanze, urushinge rwafashwe ko rwinjijwe rwose mukarere ka tissue (byafashwe ko bizaguka igihe kitazwi), bigereranywa nkumuzingi wa radiyo rs, wagumye uhoraho kuri mm 85 mugihe cyo kwigana.Muburyo burambuye, turangiza akarere ka serefegitura hamwe nigice gihuye neza (PML), byibuze kigabanya imiraba idakenewe igaragarira kumupaka wa "imaginary".Twahisemo radiyo rs kugirango dushyireho imbibi za domaine ya serefegitura kure cyane y'urushinge ntirugire ingaruka kubisubizo bibarwa, kandi bito bihagije kugirango bitagira ingaruka kubiciro byo kubara.
Guhinduranya birebire bya fonctionnement f na amplitude A ikoreshwa kumupaka wo hasi wa stylus geometrie;iyi miterere yerekana ibitekerezo byinjiza bikoreshwa kuri geometrie yigana.Ku mipaka isigaye y'urushinge (ihuye na tissue n'amazi), icyitegererezo cyemewe gifatwa nk'imikoranire hagati y'ibintu bibiri bifatika, kimwe muri byo kikaba kijyanye n'ubukanishi bw'imiterere (ku gace k'urushinge), na ikindi ku bakanishi b'imiterere.(ku karere ka acicular), bityo rero ibintu bihuye bishyirwaho kuri acoustique (kumazi nakarere ka acicular) 74.By'umwihariko, kunyeganyega gato gukoreshwa ku ntebe y'urushinge bitera imbaraga nke za voltage;bityo, ukeka ko urushinge rwitwara nkibikoresho byoroshye, icyerekezo U cyimurwa U gishobora kugereranywa uhereye kuri elastodynamic equilibrium (Navier) 75.Ihindagurika ryimiterere y'urushinge ritera impinduka kumuvuduko wamazi imbere muriwo (ufatwa nkaho uhagaze murugero rwacu), nkigisubizo cyuko imivumba yijwi ikwirakwira mu cyerekezo kirekire cyurushinge, cyane cyane yubahiriza ikigereranyo cya Helmholtz76.Hanyuma, ukeka ko ingaruka zidafite umurongo mubice zidakwiye kandi ko amplitione yumuraba wogosha ari nto cyane ugereranije na amplitude yumuvuduko wumuvuduko, ikigereranyo cya Helmholtz nacyo gishobora gukoreshwa mugushushanya ikwirakwizwa ryumuraba wa acoustic mubice byoroshye.Nyuma yo kugereranya, tissue ifatwa nkamazi77 ifite ubucucike bwa kg 1000 / m3 n'umuvuduko wijwi rya 1540 m / s (wirengagije ingaruka ziterwa no kugabanuka).Guhuza iyi mirima yombi yumubiri, birakenewe ko hakomeza kubaho urujya n'uruza rusanzwe kumupaka wibikomeye n’amazi, uburinganire buhagaze hagati yumuvuduko numuvuduko ukabije kumupaka wikomeye, hamwe nimpungenge zifatika kumupaka wurubibi. amazi agomba kuba angana na zeru.75.
Mu isesengura ryacu, dukora iperereza ku ikwirakwizwa ry’imivumba ya acoustique ku rushinge mu bihe bihagaze, twibanze ku ngaruka za geometrike y’urushinge ku isohoka ry’imiraba imbere mu ngingo.By'umwihariko, twakoze iperereza ku kamaro ka diameter y'imbere y'urushinge D, uburebure bwa L na anguni ya bevel α, dukomeza umubyimba t ugashyirwa kuri 500 µm kubibazo byose byizwe.Agaciro ka t kegereye urukuta rusanzwe rwuburebure bwa 71 kubushinge bwubucuruzi.
Nta gutakaza muri rusange, inshuro f yo kwimura imiterere ikoreshwa kumutwe wurushinge yafashwe ihwanye na 100 kHz, naho amplitude A yari 1 mm.By'umwihariko, inshuro zashyizwe kuri 100 kHz, ibyo bikaba bihuye n’ikigereranyo cyisesengura cyatanzwe mu gice cyitwa “Gukwirakwiza isesengura ry’ibibyimba biterwa no kugereranya imikurire ya ultrasound”, aho wasangaga imyitwarire isa na resonance y’imbaga y’ibibyimba intera yumurongo wa 50-400 kHz, hamwe na amplitude nini yo gutatanya yibanda kumurongo wo hasi hafi 100-200 kHz (reba Ishusho 2).
Ikintu cya mbere cyize ni diameter y'imbere D y'urushinge.Kugirango byorohe, bisobanurwa nkigice cyuzuye cyuburebure bwa acoustic uburebure bwa cavite y'urushinge (ni ukuvuga mumazi λW = 1.5 mm).Mubyukuri, ibintu byo gukwirakwiza imiraba mubikoresho birangwa na geometrie yatanzwe (urugero, mumurongo wogukoresha) akenshi biterwa nubunini buranga geometrie ikoreshwa ugereranije nuburebure bwumuraba ukwirakwiza.Mubyongeyeho, mu isesengura rya mbere, kugira ngo dushimangire neza ku ngaruka za diameter D ku gukwirakwiza umuyaga wa acoustic unyuze mu nshinge, twasuzumye inama ihanamye, dushyira inguni α = 90 °.Muri iri sesengura, uburebure bwa inshinge L bwashyizwe kuri mm 70.
Ku mutini.6a yerekana impuzandengo yijwi ryimbaraga nkigikorwa cyibipimo bitagira urugero SD, ni ukuvuga D = λW / SD yasuzumwe mu rwego rufite radiyo ya mm 10 ishingiye ku mutwe w'urushinge.Ibipimo byo gupima SD ihinduka kuva kuri 2 kugeza kuri 6, ni ukuvuga ko dusuzuma indangagaciro D ziri hagati ya mm 7,5 na mm 2,5 (kuri f = 100 kHz).Uru rutonde kandi rurimo agaciro gasanzwe ka 71 kuri inshinge zubuvuzi zidafite ingese.Nkuko byari byitezwe, diameter y'imbere y'urushinge igira ingaruka ku bukana bw'ijwi ryasohowe n'urushinge, hamwe n'agaciro ntarengwa (1030 W / m2) gahuye na D = λW / 3 (ni ukuvuga D = 5 mm) hamwe no kugabanuka kugabanuka. diameter.Twakagombye kuzirikana ko diameter D ari ikintu cya geometrike nacyo kigira ingaruka kubitero byigikoresho cyubuvuzi, iyi ngingo rero ntishobora kwirengagizwa muguhitamo agaciro keza.Kubwibyo, nubwo kugabanuka kwa D bibaho bitewe no kwanduza kwinshi kwingufu za acoustic mumyenda, kubushakashatsi bukurikira, diameter D = λW / 5, ni ukuvuga D = 3 mm (bihuye na 11G71 bisanzwe kuri f = 100 kHz) , ifatwa nkubwumvikane buke hagati yibikoresho byinjira no gukwirakwiza amajwi (ugereranije hafi 450 W / m2).
Impuzandengo yijwi ryijwi ryasohowe nisonga ryurushinge (rifatwa nkigorofa), bitewe na diametre yimbere yurushinge (a), uburebure (b) nu mfuruka ya α (c).Uburebure muri (a, c) ni mm 90, na diameter muri (b, c) ni mm 3.
Ibikurikira bigomba gusesengurwa ni uburebure bwurushinge L. Nkuko bigaragazwa nubushakashatsi bwabanjirije iki, dusuzuma inguni ndende α = 90 ° kandi uburebure bwapimwe nkuburebure bwumuraba mwinshi mumazi, ni ukuvuga L = SL λW .Ibipimo bitagira urugero SL byahinduwe kuva kuri 3 kuri 7, bityo ugereranya ubukana buringaniye bwijwi ryasohowe nisonga ryurushinge muburebure buri hagati ya 4.5 na 10.5 mm.Uru rutonde rurimo indangagaciro zisanzwe zubucuruzi.Ibisubizo byerekanwe mugitabo.6b, yerekana ko uburebure bwurushinge, L, bugira uruhare runini mugukwirakwiza kwijwi ryamajwi mubice.By'umwihariko, gutezimbere iyi parameter byatumye bishoboka kunoza ihererekanyabubasha hafi yubunini.Mubyukuri, muburebure bwasesenguwe, impuzandengo yijwi ryijwi rifata hejuru ya 3116 W / m2 kuri SL = 4 (ni ukuvuga L = 60 mm), naho ubundi bihuye na SL = 6 (ni ukuvuga L = 90) mm).
Nyuma yo gusesengura ingaruka za diameter n'uburebure bw'urushinge ku ikwirakwizwa rya ultrasound muri geometrike ya silindrike, twibanze ku ngaruka z'imfuruka ya bevel ku ihererekanyabubasha ry’amajwi mu ngingo.Impuzandengo yimbaraga zijwi riva mumutwe wa fibre yasuzumwe nkigikorwa cyinguni α, ihindura agaciro kayo kuva 10 ° (inama ityaye) ikagera kuri 90 ° (isonga).Muri iki kibazo, radiyo yumuzingi uhuza uruziga rufatwa nk'urushinge rwa mm 20, ku buryo ku ndangagaciro zose za α, isonga y'urushinge yashyizwe mu mubare wabazwe uhereye ku kigereranyo.
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo.6c, iyo inama ikarishye, ni ukuvuga, iyo α igabanutse guhera kuri 90 °, ubukana bwijwi ryanduye bwiyongera, bugera ku giciro kinini cya 1.5 × 105 W / m2, bihuye na α = 50 °, ni ukuvuga, 2 ni Urutonde rwubunini hejuru ugereranije na leta.Hamwe no kurushaho gukaza umurego (ni ukuvuga kuri α munsi ya 50 °), ubukana bwijwi bukunda kugabanuka, bugera ku ndangagaciro ugereranije nisonga.Nubwo, nubwo twasuzumye impande nini zinguni kugirango twigane, birakwiye ko tuzirikana ko gukaza umurego ari ngombwa kugirango byoroshye kwinjiza urushinge mu ngingo.Mubyukuri, inguni ntoya (hafi 10 °) irashobora kugabanya imbaraga 78 zisabwa kugirango zinjire mu ngingo.
Usibye agaciro k'uburemere bw'ijwi bwandujwe mu ngingo, inguni ya bevel nayo igira ingaruka ku cyerekezo cyo gukwirakwiza imiraba, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cyerekana umuvuduko w'amajwi cyerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 7a (ku mpanuro iringaniye) na 3b (kuri 10 °) ).inama ya beveled), ibangikanye Icyerekezo kirekire gisuzumwa mu ndege ihuza (yz, reba Ishusho 5).Kurenza ibyo bitekerezo byombi, urwego rwumuvuduko wijwi (byitwa 1 µPa) rwibanze cyane mumyanya y'urushinge (ni ukuvuga mumazi) hanyuma rugasakara mubice.Muburyo burambuye, mugihe cyisonga (Igicapo 7a), ikwirakwizwa ryurwego rwumuvuduko wijwi rirasa neza neza kubijyanye nicyerekezo kirekire, kandi imiraba ihagaze irashobora gutandukanywa mumazi yuzuza umubiri.Umuhengeri werekeza igihe kirekire (z-axis), amplitude igera ku giciro cyayo kinini mu mazi (hafi 240 dB) ikagabanuka ku buryo bunyuranye, ibyo bikaba biganisha ku kwiyongera kwa dB hafi 20 kuri intera ya mm 10 uvuye hagati y'urushinge.Nkuko byari byitezwe, kwinjiza inama yerekanwe (Igicapo 7b) isenya ubu buryo, kandi antinode yumuraba uhagaze "ihindagurika" ukurikije umutwe wurushinge.Ikigaragara ni uko iyi asimmetrie igira ingaruka kumirasire yurushinge, nkuko byasobanuwe mbere (Ishusho 6c).Kugirango urusheho gusobanukirwa niyi ngingo, ubukana bwa acoustic bwasuzumwe kumurongo uciye hagati ya orthogonal kugera ku cyerekezo kirekire cyurushinge, cyari giherereye mu ndege ya simmetrie y'urushinge kandi giherereye ku ntera ya mm 10 uvuye hejuru y'urushinge (( ibisubizo mu gishushanyo 7c).By'umwihariko, gukwirakwiza ubukana bw'amajwi byasuzumwe kuri 10 °, 20 ° na 30 ° inguni ya oblique (umurongo w'ubururu, umutuku n'icyatsi kibisi bikurikiranye) wagereranijwe no kugabura hafi y'impera iringaniye (umurongo utudomo wirabura).Gukwirakwiza ubukana bujyanye nurushinge ruringaniye rusa nkaho rusa hagati rwurushinge.By'umwihariko, ifata agaciro kangana na 1420 W / m2 kuri santere, kurengerwa hafi 300 W / m2 ku ntera ya mm 8, hanyuma bikagabanuka kugera ku gaciro ka 170 W / m2 kuri ~ 30 mm .Mugihe inama yerekanwe, lobe yo hagati igabanyijemo ibice byinshi byimbaraga zitandukanye.By'umwihariko, iyo α yari 30 °, ibibabi bitatu byashoboraga gutandukanywa neza mumwirondoro wapimwe kuri mm 1 uhereye kumutwe wurushinge.Hagati yo hagati iri hafi y'urushinge kandi ifite agaciro kangana na 1850 W / m2, naho hejuru iburyo ni mm 19 uvuye hagati kandi igera kuri 2625 W / m2.Kuri α = 20 °, hari lobes 2 nyamukuru: imwe kuri mm12 mm kuri 1785 W / m2 nimwe kuri 14 mm kuri 1524 W / m2.Iyo impanuro ikarishye kandi inguni igera kuri 10 °, ntarengwa ya 817 W / m2 igera kuri mm -20, naho izindi lobes eshatu zifite ubukana buke bugaragara kumurongo.
Urwego rwumuvuduko wijwi mu ndege ya symmetry y - z y'urushinge rufite impera iringaniye (a) na bevel ya 10 ° (b)..Uburebure L ni mm 70 na diameter D ni mm 3.
Ufatiye hamwe, ibisubizo byerekana ko inshinge zubuvuzi zishobora gukoreshwa neza mugukwirakwiza ultrasound kuri 100 kHz mubice byoroshye.Ubwinshi bwijwi ryasohotse biterwa na geometrie yurushinge kandi birashobora gutezimbere (ukurikije imbogamizi zashyizweho nigitero cyibikoresho byanyuma) kugeza ku gaciro kangana na 1000 W / m2 (kuri mm 10).ushyizwe munsi yurushinge 1. Mugihe cya micrometero offset, urushinge rufatwa nkuwinjijwe byuzuye mubice byoroheje bitagira ingano.By'umwihariko, inguni ya bevel igira ingaruka zikomeye ku cyerekezo n'icyerekezo cyo gukwirakwiza imiraba y'amajwi mu ngingo, biganisha cyane cyane ku mikorere yo gukata inshinge.
Kugirango dushyigikire ingamba nshya zo kuvura ibibyimba bishingiye ku gukoresha tekiniki z’ubuvuzi zidatera, ikwirakwizwa rya ultrasound nkeya mu bidukikije ryasesenguwe mu buryo bw'isesengura no kubara.By'umwihariko, mu gice cya mbere cy’ubushakashatsi, igisubizo cy’agateganyo cya elastodinamike cyadushoboje kwiga ikwirakwizwa ry’imiraba ya ultrasonic muri spheroide ikomeye yibibyimba bizwi kandi binini kugira ngo twige ibyiyumvo bya misa.Noneho, hatoranijwe inshuro za kilohertz amagana, hanyuma hashyirwaho uburyo bwo guhangayikishwa no guhindagurika mukibibyimba hifashishijwe urushinge rwo kwa muganga rwerekanwe mukigereranyo cyumubare wiga ingaruka yibipimo nyamukuru byerekana kwimura acoustic imbaraga z'igikoresho kubidukikije.Ibisubizo byerekana ko inshinge zubuvuzi zishobora gukoreshwa neza kugirango imirase yumubiri hamwe na ultrasound, kandi ubukana bwayo bufitanye isano rya hafi na geometrike ya urushinge, rwitwa acoustic wavelength.Mubyukuri, ubukana bwa irrasiya binyuze mumyenda bwiyongera hamwe no kongera diameter y'imbere y'urushinge, bigera kuri byinshi iyo diameter yikubye inshuro eshatu uburebure.Uburebure bwurushinge nabwo butanga urwego runaka rwubwisanzure bwo guhitamo neza.Igisubizo cyanyuma rwose kiba kinini mugihe uburebure bwurushinge bwashyizwe kumurongo runaka wuburebure bwumurongo (cyane cyane 4 na 6).Igishimishije, kubijyanye ninshuro zinyungu zinyuranye, diameter nziza hamwe nuburebure burebure byegeranye nibisanzwe bikoreshwa murushinge rusanzwe rwubucuruzi.Inguni ya bevel, igena ubukana bw'urushinge, nayo igira ingaruka kuri emissivité, igera kuri 50 ° kandi igatanga imikorere myiza kuri 10 °, ikunze gukoreshwa inshinge zubucuruzi..Ibisubizo by'ibigereranyo bizakoreshwa mu kuyobora ishyirwa mu bikorwa no kunoza uburyo bwo gusuzuma ibitaro byinjira mu bitaro, guhuza ultrasound yo kwisuzumisha no kuvura hamwe n'ibindi bisubizo bivura ibikoresho no kumenya uburyo bwo kuvura bufatika.
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