Urakoze gusura Kamere.com.Verisiyo ya mushakisha ukoresha ifite inkunga ya CSS igarukira.Kuburambe bwiza, turagusaba ko ukoresha mushakisha ivuguruye (cyangwa ugahagarika uburyo bwo guhuza uburyo muri Internet Explorer).Hagati aho, kugirango tumenye gukomeza gushyigikirwa, tuzatanga urubuga rudafite imiterere na JavaScript.
Indwara yo guhahamuka nyuma yo guhahamuka (PTSD) irangwa no kutagira ubushobozi bwo gutesha agaciro ibisubizo byubwoba ku bimenyetso bifitanye isano n’ihungabana.Ubushakashatsi bw’abantu n’inyamaswa bwerekana itandukaniro mu ruhare rw’ibice bimwe na bimwe by’imbere y’imbere nk’abunzi b’ibanze bagaragaza intsinzi yo guhagarika ubwoba, ariko imikoranire y’imiyoboro y’imitsi igaragaza uruhare rutandukanye rw’utwo turere ntabwo isobanutse.Kugirango twumve neza uburyo itandukaniro ryabantu kugiti cyabo cyo kuzimangana bigaragarira mubitandukaniro mubikorwa byumuzunguruko wa neuronal, twashyizeho ibimenyetso byerekana kuva imbeba sublimbic cortex (IL) hamwe na tracers retrograde hanyuma tugereranya ibishushanyo mbonera bya neuronal imbere no hanze ya IL projection neuron.Twasesenguye aya makuru, tuyashyira hamwe dukurikije urwego rwo kubika ububiko bwibuke mu mbeba.Twabonye ko muri selile IL-umushinga, neuron muri parathalamus yinyuma yerekanaga ibikorwa byiyongereye kumbeba, byagaragazaga kwibutsa kuzimangana.Usibye ingirabuzimafatizo za IL, ibikorwa bya Fos byiyongereye byagaragaye mubice byatoranijwe byimbeba na hippocampus ya ventrale ikemurwa neza.Ibisubizo byacu byerekana ko itandukaniro ryo kwibuka kuzimangana rifitanye isano nuburyo bwihariye bwibikorwa byimitsi imbere no hanze ya IL.
Gutinya ubwoba bibaho mugihe ibitera kutagira aho bibogamiye bifitanye isano no gukanguka kwanga kutagabanije (UCS), nkibisanzwe bitagira aho bibogamiye, ubu bitera imbaraga (CS), bitera igisubizo giteye ubwoba (CR) mugihe UCS idahari.Guhindura ubwoba buteganijwe byatewe no kugabanuka kwa CR kuri CS kubera kwerekana kenshi CS mugihe UCS1 idahari.Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere bwerekanye ko ihungabana ry’ihungabana nyuma y’ihungabana (PTSD) rifitanye isano no kudashobora kwibuka kuzimangana kw’ibisubizo by’ubwoba2.Intandaro yubuvuzi bwimyitwarire yubuvuzi bwo kuvura indwara ziterwa nihungabana nyuma yo guhahamuka ni uburyo bwo kuvura bushingiye ku kuzimangana kwatewe ubwoba bwizewe 3,4.Kubwibyo, ubushakashatsi bwitandukaniro ryabantu ku giti cyabo mubwoba bwo kuzimangana hamwe nuburyo bwimikorere yimitsi irashobora gufasha gutandukanya itandukaniro ryabantu bitabira ihungabana no kuvura indwara ziterwa nihungabana.Nubwo hari iterambere mugutahura uburyo bwimitsi itandukanya ibyagezweho nibintu bitazimangana, haracyari byinshi byo kuvumburwa.
Icyitegererezo cyimbeba ni ingirakamaro muriyi mirimo kuko hari itandukaniro rigaragara ryabantu kugiti cyabo cyo kwibuka inzoka 7,8,9,10.Ibikorwa byabanje gukora iperereza ku mikorere y’imitsi y’ubwoba bwo kuzimangana ku rwego rw’abaturage byagaragaje ko gukora cortex ya infralibic cortex (IL) bisabwa kugira ngo bibuke kuzimangana (reba 11, 12, 13, ariko reba 14), kandi ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekanye ko igabanuka ryabyo ibikorwa byimbeba muri IL byerekana kwibuka nabi kubyerekeranye no kuzimangana ugereranije nimbeba, zifite ubwoba.Nyamara, uburyo ILs igira uruhare mu buryo butandukanye mu koroshya kurandura ubwoba bw’imbeba ugereranije n’izerekana ko yazimye.
Ikintu kimwe gishoboka nuko itandukaniro ryubwoba bwokuzimangana hagati yabantu kugiti cyabo nigisubizo cyo gutandukanya ibikorwa bya afferent IL yihariye.Ubushakashatsi bwa Anatomical18 bwerekanye ko uduce tunyuranye twa cortical na subcortical yubwonko twohereza ibipimo byimbitse kuri IL, nayo ikohereza projection nziza mubice byinshi byubwonko.Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku rwego rw’abaturage bwerekanye ko ibipimo bya IL kuri amygdala ari ingenzi mu kubona ubwoba bwo kuzimangana 20,21,22 kandi IL yinjiza muri amygdala yibanze (BLA) nayo ifitanye isano no kwiga kuzimangana.Hariho ubushakashatsi buke ku ruhare rw’umuzunguruko wa IL mu kwibutsa kuzimangana, nubwo imirimo iheruka kwerekana ko imvubu na dorsal hippocampus zifite uruhare mu guhanura IL.Ibishushanyo mbonera bya IL kuri nucleus ya recombining nucleus ya thalamus, uko bigaragara, nayo igira uruhare mukwibuka ubwoba bwo kuzimira.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwibanze butangiye gushushanya ishusho yimikoranire yimiyoboro yimitsi igira uruhare mukwibuka kuzimangana, ariko haribintu bike cyane byerekana niba ibikorwa mumikorere ya IL ishingiye kumitsi bigira ingaruka kubitandukanya kubantu kwibutsa kuzimangana.Hano, twashatse kumenya niba itandukaniro riri mububiko bwokuzimangana hagati yabantu bifitanye isano nimpinduka mubikorwa bya IL byinjira mubice byubwonko bwihariye.By'umwihariko, twasuzumye imikorere ya IL afferent selile muri nucleus ya paraventricular ya thalamus (PVT), clavicle (CLA), BLA, na hippocampus ya ventrale (vHPC).Uturere twubwonko twatoranijwe haba kuberako twohereza ibipimo byinshi muri IL kandi kubera ko hari impamvu yo gukeka ko bashobora kugira uruhare mukugaragaza ubwoba bwo kuzimira 18.Kurugero, ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekanye ko PVT, akarere kazwiho kugira uruhare mu gushaka ubwoba no kubyara, bisabwa kugirango imyororokere irimbuke.Mubyongeyeho, ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwerekanye ibikorwa byibanze bya amygdala na vHPC mu mbeba zerekana kwibuka kuzimangana.Hanyuma, isesengura rya claustrum rirakorwaho ubushakashatsi bitewe nuko ntanimwe mubikorwa byabanje wasuzumye uruhare rwayo mukuzimangana.Ariko, imirimo iheruka kwerekana ko igira uruhare muburyo bwo gutinya ubwoba 29.
Virusi ya GFP-conjugated retrograde tracers yatewe muri IL yimbeba mbere yo kwipimisha imyitwarire, kandi ibikorwa bya Fos mubisobanuro bya IL byapimwe mugihe cyo gusubiramo kuzimangana, kwibutsa ubwoba, no mu mbeba zitakorewe ibizamini byimyitwarire.Ibisubizo byacu byerekana ko ibishushanyo biva kuri paraventricular thalamus kugeza kuri IL byerekana ibikorwa byiyongereye mubikorwa byimbeba zibutsa kuzimangana.Usibye ibyahanuwe na IL, ibikorwa by'imitsi mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya clavicle na hippocampus ya ventrale byariyongereye mu mbeba zasubiye inyuma neza.Ibisubizo byacu byerekana ko uburyo bwimikorere yibikorwa byimbere na hanze byateganijwe kuri IL bifitanye isano no gutandukana kwabantu mubuke bwo kuzimangana.
Imbeba 54 z'abakuze Sprague-Dawley (300-325 g ukihagera) yakuwe muri Laboratoire ya Charles River (Raleigh, NC) yakoreshejwe nk'isomo.Imbeba zashyizwe mu matsinda abiri, zifite ibiryo n'amazi ku buntu, ku mucyo w'amasaha 12 y'umucyo / umwijima (amatara saa moya za mugitondo).Amatsinda abiri yimbeba (n = 28 na n = 26) yakoreshejwe murubwo bushakashatsi.Nyuma yo guhezwa ku rupfu, ikosa ryo kubaga, kutagira imvugo ya GFP ahabigenewe, kutagira ingirabuzima fatizo, hamwe n’ibibazo by’imyitwarire (byasobanuwe muri Methods), itsinda ryibutsa kuzimangana ryarimo imbeba 21 naho itsinda ryibutsa ubwoba ryarimo imbeba 7, akazu k’inzu.itsinda ryari rigizwe n'imbeba 7 (imbeba 35 zashyizwe mubisesengura rya nyuma).Inzira zose zemejwe na komite ishinzwe kwita ku nyamaswa n’ikoreshwa rya kaminuza ya Stony Brook kandi yari ikurikije amabwiriza ya ARRIVE (https://arriveguidelines.org) hamwe n’amabwiriza ya NIH yo kwita no gukoresha inyamaswa zo muri laboratoire.
Imbeba zavuwe iminsi ibiri mbere yo kubagwa.Imbeba zatewe aneste hamwe na ketamine (87 mg / kg) na xylazine (10 mg / kg), bishyirwa mubikoresho bya stereotaxique (Stoelting, Woodale, IL) hanyuma bahabwa inshinge imwe ya AAVrg-CAG-GFP (Addgene, 30) muri IL.(kuringaniza inshinge ibumoso n'iburyo).Gutera inshinge, urumogi rwa 22 rwamanuwe ahantu (AP: + 3.00, ML: ± 0,6, DV: - 5.2).Shyiramo urumogi rwimbere rwa 28G (ruhujwe na pompe yinjizwamo binyuze muri PE 20 tubing) mumurongo uyobora kugirango utange 0,6 µl ya virusi ku gipimo cya 0.15 µl kumunota hanyuma usige aho muminota 5 nyuma yo gushiramo..Nyuma yo kudoda, imbeba zatewe na meloxicam (mg / kg 1) bakimara kwimuka basubizwa mu kato.Imbeba zabitswe mu kato mu gihe cy’ibyumweru 7 kugira ngo virusi ikire kandi itwarwe.Imbeba eshatu zapfuye zatewe anesteziya, bituma imbeba 51 (94%) zikira neza kubagwa.
Inzira zose zakorewe muri cm 32 × 25 cm × 21 cm ibyumba bikonjesha (Clever Systems Inc, Reston, VA) byashyizwe muri cm 45.7 × 43.2 cm × 43.2 cm bikurura amajwi yisanduku yo kwigunga (Clever Sys. Inc.).).Mugihe cyo kuzimya kwigira no kuzimangana kwibutsa amasomo, imiterere yarahinduwe kugirango itandukanye numwimerere uteganijwe.Imiterere A (ibisekuruza byubwoba) yarimo umuriro wa volt 28, amatara yo murugo (Chicago Micro Lighting, UK), mugihe imiterere B (imyitozo yo kuzimangana, ikizamini cyo kwibutsa kuzimangana, hamwe nikizamini cyo kwibuka ubwoba) yarimo amatara ya LED (Univivi IR Illuminator, Shenzhen) ., Ubushinwa;U48R).Mubyongeyeho, mugihe Context A ifite igorofa irwanya anti-vibrasiya ifite ibyuma bitagira umwanda hamwe nurukuta rwa plexiglass, Context B irimo ibyuma bisize irangi byashyizwe hasi no kurukuta.Imiterere ya Context B nayo yahinduwe ushyira cm 33.5 x x 21.3 cm zigoramye zinjiza mubyumba bisanzwe.Mubyongeyeho, murwego A ibyumba byahanaguwe na acide acetike 5%, mugihe murwego B ibyumba byahanaguwe na hydroxide ya amonium 5%.Hanyuma, murwego B, imbeba zazanwe mucyumba cyipimisha mu ndobo aho kuzunguruka mu kato ku magare.Imyitozo yimyitwarire yafashwe hamwe na kamera yo hejuru, kandi ibimenyetso bya videwo kuri buri kamera byahawe software (FreezeScan 2.00, Clever Sys. Inc., Reston, VA) yasuzumye imyitwarire igenda ishira bitewe nimpinduka za pigiseli.Ibipimo byatoranijwe kugirango imyitwarire yo kugabanuka igereranijwe na mudasobwa ihuye neza nimyitwarire yindorerezi zahuguwe zigereranijwe nintoki.Agaciro kerekana ijanisha ryigihe cyo gukonjesha cyazamutse mumasegonda 30-masegonda.
Gahunda zose zimyitwarire zikorwa mugice cyumucyo cyumucyo / umwijima.Imbeba zavuwe iminsi 5 mbere yo gutangira inzira yimyitwarire hanyuma zijyanwa mucyumba cyimyitwarire muminsi itatu yanyuma yo kwivuza.Ku munsi wambere wo kwipimisha imyitwarire, itsinda ryibutsa imbeba zazimye zashyizwe muri refleks iteye ubwoba, hanyuma zishyirwa mumurongo A, zihabwa igihe cya min min 6 zidafite igihe cyo kumenyera, hanyuma zihabwa ibice byombi bya 4 kHz, 76 dB, 30 s .ijwi no kurangiza muri rusange, 1.0 mA, gutera 1 s (2 min ITI).Ku myitozo yose yimyitwarire, imbeba zasubijwe mumagage 2 min nyuma yo kwerekana bwa nyuma kubyutsa.Bukeye bwaho, imbeba zo mu itsinda ryazimye-kwibuka zashyizwe mu cyumba cya B hanyuma zikora amajwi 20 (2 min ITI) nk'amahugurwa yo kuzimira nyuma yigihe cya 6 min.Bukeye bwaho, imbeba zo mu itsinda ryororoka ryazimye zahuye na tone 4 murwego B nyuma yiminota 6 yo kumenyera nkikizamini cyo kuzimira.Imbeba zo murwibutso zo kuzimya zatunganijwe nyuma yiminota 60 nyuma yimyitozo.Itsinda ryimbeba zigenzura ibyibutsa ubwoba byakorewe inzira imwe kumunsi wambere wubwoba bwasubijwe mubisobanuro A. Nyuma yamasaha mirongo ine n'umunani, imbeba zashyizwe mubyumba B hanyuma zerekanwa amajwi 4 (2- umunota ITI) nk'ikizamini cyo kwibuka.ubwoba nyuma yiminota 6 yo kumenyera.Imbeba zakozwe neza nyuma yiminota 60 nyuma yimyitozo.Itsinda ryimbeba zo mu rugo zagumye mu kato kazo mu bushakashatsi kandi zarakozwe ku munsi umwe n’imbeba zigerageza.Buri tsinda ry'imbeba ebyiri ryagabanyijwemo ibice bibiri, kandi umubare w'inyamaswa muri buri tsinda washyizwe hamwe.Imbeba imwe mumatsinda yibuka ubwoba yatandukanijwe nisesengura kuko itagaragaje ibimenyetso byubwoba (gukonjesha munsi ya 15% mugihe cyikizamini cyo kwibuka ubwoba).Reba Ishusho 2A ku gishushanyo cyigihe cyimyitwarire.
Imbeba zarengewe n'umuti wa Fatal Plus (100 mg / kg), hanyuma ushyirwa hamwe n'imbeho ikonje 10% PBS ikurikirwa na 10% ya bufferine.Ubwonko bwakuweho bubikwa muri 30% ya sucrose yumuti muri formine kuri 4 ° C mugihe cyicyumweru 1.Noneho ubwonko bwarakonjeshejwe hanyuma bucamo 40 µm yuburebure bwa kirostat.Ibice byabitswe bikurikiranye muri 10% PBS kuri 4 ° C.Noneho, immunofluorescence yakorewe kubice-bireremba ubusa birimo ubwonko bushimishije.Ibice byogejwe inshuro 3 muri 10% PBS kuminota 5 buri umwe.Ibice byahise byinjizwa muri 5% yo gukemura igisubizo cya serumu yihene isanzwe kumasaha 2 mubushyuhe bwicyumba, hanyuma yoza inshuro eshatu muminota 5 buri umwe muri 10% PBS.Ibice byahise byinjizwa ijoro ryose kuri 4 ° C. muri antibodies zibanze (c-Fos, # 2250, 1: 500)Bukeye, ibice byogejwe muri 10% PBS muminota 30 kuri 4 ° C, hanyuma inshuro 3 kuminota 5 muri 10% PBS hanyuma ushyirwamo antibody ya kabiri (Alexa Fluor 594 ihene irwanya urukwavu, conjugate itukura, 1: 500 ).) (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) ku bushyuhe bwicyumba cyamasaha 2.Nyuma yo gukaraba 3 byongeye muri 10% PBS muminota 5, ibice byashyizwe kumurongo wikirahure hanyuma bifungwa na Fluoromount-G (Invitrogen).Reba amashusho ahagarariye yubudahangarwa mu gishushanyo cya 3G.
Microscope ya fluorescente ikoresheje kamera ya Digital Infinity3 (Lumenera, Ottawa, Ontario, Kanada) hamwe na moteri yoroheje (Lumencor, Beaverton, OR) ihujwe na microscope ya Zeiss yakoreshejwe kugirango ibone amashusho muri buri karere k'ubwonko bushimishije, harimo ibice birimo IL idafite immunofluorescence.byakozwe kugirango hemezwe neza ikibanza cyatewe.Amashusho yakoreshejwe mukubara selile yabonetse kuri 20x gukuza.Kuri buri gice cyama tissue, fata ishusho imwe hamwe nayunguruzo yemerera amashusho ya GFP nishusho imwe hamwe nayunguruzo yemerera amashusho ya conjugate itukura ya Alexa Fluor muri antibody ya kabiri, hamwe na software yerekana amashusho (Infinity Analyse, verisiyo ya 3) yakoreshejwe mumashusho hejuru.Shaka amashusho yose yibice byose byubwonko ukoresheje igihe kimwe cyo guhura kandi wunguke igenamigambi.Imbeba esheshatu ntizakuwe mu isesengura kuko kwanduza virusi kwabereye hanze ya IL (igipimo cya 88%).Izindi mbeba umunani ntizakuweho kubera ko, nubwo virusi yibasiye IL, ntabwo zerekanye imvugo ihagije ya GFP mu turere twose tw’ubwonko twifuza.Byongeye kandi, imbeba imwe yarashizwemo kubera ubuziranenge bwimyenda.
Hindura umucyo no gutandukanya kugabanya urusaku rwinyuma mumashusho J (NIH) ukoresheje inzira imwe kuri buri shusho.Ingirabuzimafatizo zibarirwa muri retrograde zose zanditseho selile, selile zose zanditswemo Fos, hamwe na selile ebyiri zanditseho intoki zakozwe nintoki nuwabigerageje, utigeze amenya inyamaswa, akoresheje plug-in ya Image J cytometer.Kubara selile byari bisanzwe kuri selile / mm2.Gusesengura imvugo ya Fos muri selile IL-umushinga, umubare wutugingo tubiri twanditseho selile wari usanzwe kugeza ku mubare rusange wa retrograde-yanditseho selile.Kubisesengura rya mBLA, mvHPC na pvHPC, kubara selile kuva mumashusho menshi 20x byegeranijwe kandi bisanzwe mubisanzwe kuri selile / mm2.Kugirango usesengure utundi turere twubwonko, ishusho ya 20x cyangwa igice cyishusho ya 20x yarasesenguwe kandi isanzwe kuri selile / mm2.Isesengura rya vHPC ryarimo uturere twa CA1, CA2 hamwe na subdominant vHPC.Igishushanyo 1 kirerekana uturere twubwonko twasesenguwe namashusho agaragaza imbibi zinyuma-yinyuma yindege.
Amagambo ahinnye hamwe n'uturere twubwonko bushimishije.Ibisobanuro by'incamake n'ahantu h'ubwonko bwatanzwe mu nyandiko.Ikarita rusange yubwonko yakuwe muri Swanson (2004) Ikarita yubwonko: Imiterere yubwonko bwimbeba, Edition ya 3, yabiherewe uruhushya na Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Uruhushya mpuzamahanga (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/ 4.0) ./), iboneka gukuramo kuri https://larrywswanson.com.
Ijanisha ryigihe cyagereranijwe mugihe cya 30 isegonda yo gukina, ukuyemo intera ndende.Igipimo cyo kwibuka cyo kuzimangana cyabazwe mu kwerekana ijanisha ryigihe cyashize mugihe cyo kwibutsa kuzimangana nkijanisha ryo gushira mugihe cyibigeragezo 4 byambere byamahugurwa yo kuzimangana (gushira mugihe cyamagambo ane yibutsa kuzimangana / gushira mugihe cyamahugurwa ane yambere yo kuzimira * 100).Amanota make yerekana kwibuka neza, kandi amanota menshi yerekana ububi buke.Imbeba zatoranijwe n'amanota yibutsa kuzimangana, hamwe nimbeba ziri kumwanya wa gatatu wambere wibutswe ryazimye zashyizwe mubikorwa nk "imbeba mbi zo kuzimangana" naho imbeba muri bibiri bya gatatu byanyuma byamanutse yibuka byashyizwe mubikorwa "byiza".Imbeba zishira.
Ibizamini bidasanzwe birakoreshwa kuberako amakuru akenshi arenga kubitekerezo bijyanye no gukwirakwiza bisanzwe hamwe na / cyangwa ubutinganyi butandukanye.Urwego rw'icumu rwakoreshejwe kugira ngo hamenyekane niba hari isano rikomeye hagati y’amanota yibutsa kuzimangana hamwe n’ibimenyetso bya Fos hamwe n’ibimenyetso bibiri mu turere tw’ubwonko dushishikajwe n’imbeba zose zakorewe ikizamini cyo kwibuka.Ikizamini cya Mann-Whitney U cyakoreshejwe kugirango hamenyekane niba hari itandukaniro hagati yitsinda ryigenga.Ikizamini cya Kruskal-Wallis gikoreshwa mukumenya niba amatsinda 2 cyangwa menshi atandukanye, kandi Dunn ikigereranyo cyo kugereranya gikoreshwa mugihe imibare ya Kruskal-Wallis ifite akamaro.Kugabanuka mugihe cyo kuzimangana byasuzumwe hifashishijwe ingamba zisubirwamo zisesengura itandukaniro hamwe nitsinda nkibintu bihuza amasomo hamwe nikizamini nkibintu byingenzi. Ibisubizo byafatwaga nkibyingenzi mugihe p <0.05 kubizamini byose bibarurishamibare. Ibisubizo byafatwaga nkibyingenzi mugihe p <0.05 kubizamini byose bibarurishamibare. Результатя считались значимыми при p <0,05 для всех статистических товов. Ibisubizo byafatwaga nkibyingenzi kuri p <0.05 kubizamini byose bibarurishamibare.当 所有 统计 检验 的 p <0.05 时 ， 结果 被 认为 是 显 着 的。当 所有 统计 检验 的 p <0.05 时 ， 结果 被 认为 是 显 着 的。 Результатя считались значимыми при p <0,05 для всех статистических товов. Ibisubizo byafatwaga nkibyingenzi kuri p <0.05 kubizamini byose bibarurishamibare.
Igishushanyo cya 2 cyerekana igihe cyageragejwe (Igishusho 2A) hamwe no gukwirakwiza inshuro nyinshi imbeba zose zazimye (Ishusho 2B). Imbeba mu matsinda meza yo kuzimangana yatandukanye cyane muri aya manota yabazwe yo kuzimangana (U = 0, p <0.001) (Ishusho 2C). Imbeba mu matsinda meza yo kuzimangana yatandukanye cyane muri aya manota yabazwe yo kuzimangana (U = 0, p <0.001) (Ishusho 2C). Крысы в ​​группах с хорошим и плохим угашением значительно различались по этим рассчитанным показателям припоминания угашения (U = 0, p <0,001) (рис. 2C). Imbeba mu matsinda meza yo kuzimangana yatandukanye cyane muri ibi bipimo byabazwe byo kuzimangana (U = 0, p <0.001) (Ishusho 2C).= 这些 计算 的 灭绝 回忆 分数 中 ， 良好 不良 = 组 组 = = U = 0 ， p <0.001） （图 2C）。 U = 0 ， p <0.001） （图 2C ， В этих рассчитанных показателях припоминания угашения крысы в ​​группах с хорошим и плохим угашением значительно различались (U = 0, p <0,001) (рис. 2C). Muri iyi mibare yabazwe yo kuzimangana, imbeba zo mu matsinda meza no kuzimangana zaratandukanye cyane (U = 0, p <0.001) (Ishusho 2C).Nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryabaye mugihe cyo gukonjesha hagati yitsinda rifite kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, no kwibuka ubwoba mugihe cyibanze cyubwoba bwateganijwe (X2 (2) = 2.746, p = 0.253) (Ishusho 2D).Byongeye kandi, mugihe cyo kwerekana ijwi rya mbere ryubwoba bwasubiwemo reflex, nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryagaragaye mugihe cyubukonje hagati yitsinda rifite irimbuka ryiza, kuzimangana nabi no kwibutsa ubwoba (X2 (2) = 1.107, p = 0.575), nkuko kimwe no mugihe cyubwoba mugihe cya kabiri.Mugihe cyo gutondekanya ibintu, habaye itandukaniro rikomeye mugihe cyo gukonjesha hagati yitsinda rifite kuzimangana neza, kuzimangana nabi, no kwibuka ubwoba (X2 (2) = 2.214, p = 0.331) (Ishusho 2D).Nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryigeze riba mugihe cyashize hagati yitsinda ryiza kandi rito ryo kuzimira mugihe cyamahugurwa yibanze yo kuzimira (U = 45.00, p = 0.799) (Ishusho 2D). Ibikurikira, habaye ingaruka zikomeye zo guhagarika igeragezwa (toni 5 kuri buri gice) kumwanya wamaraga mugihe cyo gukonjesha mugihe cyamahugurwa yo kuzimira (F (2.884, 54.80) = 8.331, p <0.001), byerekana ko kwiga kuzimangana byabayeho (Ishusho 2D ). Ibikurikira, habaye ingaruka zikomeye zo guhagarika igeragezwa (toni 5 kuri buri gice) kumwanya wamaraga mugihe cyo gukonjesha mugihe cyamahugurwa yo kuzimira (F (2.884, 54.80) = 8.331, p <0.001), byerekana ko kwiga kuzimangana byabayeho (Ishusho 2D ). Затем наблюдался значительный основной агного କାନока (5 новов на бар) на время, затрачиваемое на замирание во время кировировки угашения (F (2,884, 54,80) = 8,331) рис. 2D). Habayeho ingaruka zikomeye zo guhagarika igeragezwa (toni 5 kuri buri gice) kumwanya wafashwe kugirango uhagarike mugihe cyamahugurwa yo kuzimira (F (2.884, 54.80) = 8.331, p <0.001), byerekana ko kwiga kuzimangana byabaye (Ishusho . 2D). ).接下来 ， 在 消退 训练 期间 ， 试 块 （块 块 音 （88 88 88 （（（88 88 88 88 88 （88 。接下来 ， 在 消退 训练 期间 ， 试 块 （块 块 音 （88 88 88 （（（88 88 88 88 88 （88 。 Затем, во время обучения угашению, kные Баки (5 новов на Бак) оказали значительное основное влияние на время замирания (F (2,884, 54,80) = 8,331, p <0,001) . 2D). Noneho, mugihe cyo kwiga kuzimangana, guhagarika ibigeragezo (toni 5 kuri buri gice) byagize ingaruka zikomeye kumwanya wo gushira (F (2.884, 54.80) = 8.331, p <0.001), byerekana ko kwiga kuzimangana byabaye (Ishusho .2D) .Nyamara, itsinda ryazimye (F (1, 19) = 3.091, p = 0.095) nta ngaruka nini ryagize ku gihe cyashize mu gihe cy’amahugurwa yo kuzimangana, kandi nta mikoranire yari hagati y’iburanisha n’itsinda ryazimye (F (4) , 19)).76) = 1.890, p = 0.121) (Ishusho 2D). Mugihe cyibizamini, habaye itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yo kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, no gutinya kwibutsa amatsinda mugihe cyakonje mugihe cyibanze (X2 (2) = 8.569, p = 0.014) kuburyo itsinda ryibutsa ubwoba ryakonje cyane birenze itsinda ryiza ryo kuzimangana (Hagati ya Rank Diff. = 10.57, p = 0.017), ariko ntabwo itsinda rito ryo kuzimangana (Diff Rank Diff. = - 3.714, p> 0.999) (Ishusho 2D). Mugihe cyibizamini, habaye itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yo kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, no gutinya kwibutsa amatsinda mugihe cyakonje mugihe cyibanze (X2 (2) = 8.569, p = 0.014) kuburyo itsinda ryibutsa ubwoba ryakonje cyane birenze itsinda ryiza ryo kuzimangana (Hagati ya Rank Diff. = 10.57, p = 0.017), ariko ntabwo itsinda rito ryo kuzimangana (Diff Rank Diff. = - 3.714, p> 0.999) (Ishusho 2D).Mugihe cyibizamini, habaye itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yo kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, no gutinya kwibutsa amatsinda mugihe yamara akonje mugihe cyibanze (X2 (2) = 8.569, p = 0.014), kuburyo itsinda ryibutsa ubwoba ryakonje ku buryo bugaragara.больше, чем в группе хорошего вирирания (средняя разница рангов = 10,57, p = 0,017), kinini kuruta mumatsinda meza yo kuzimangana (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 10.57, p = 0.017) ariko ntabwo ari mumatsinda mabi yazimye (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = −3.714, p> 0.999) (Ishusho 2D).在 测试 期间 ， 良好 组 组 、 2 2 和 恐惧 2 2 X2 (2) = 8.569 ， p = 0.014 （平均 秩 差 = 10.57 ， p = 0.017） ， 但 不是 差 的 组 组 （平均 - = - 3.714 ， p> 0.999） （图 2D）。在 测试 期间 ， 良好 组 组 消 2 组 和 恐惧 （x2 (2) = 8.569 ， p = 0.014） ，组 组 组 （平均 秩 差 = 10.57 ， p = 0.017） ， 但 不是 差 绝 组 （秩 差 = - 3.714 ， p> 0.999） （图 2D）。 В течение периода Тировирования наблюдалась значительная разница между группой с хорошим угашением, группой с плохим угашением и группой с припоминанием ст шаа с точки зения времени замиря на исход , чем группа с хорошим вымиранием (средняя разница рангов = 10,57, p = 0,017), Mugihe cyibizamini, habaye itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yitsinda ryiza ryazimye, itsinda rito ryazimye, hamwe nitsinda ryibutsa ubwoba mubijyanye nigihe cyo gukonjesha kuri baseline (X2 (2) = 8.569, p = 0.014), ubwoba rero bwibuke itsinda rirakonja cyane kurenza itsinda rifite kuzimangana neza (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 10.57, p = 0.017) ariko ntabwo itsinda rifite kuzimangana nabi (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = -3.714, p> 0.999) (Ishusho 2D).Itsinda ryiza ryo kuzimangana, itsinda rito ryo kuzimangana, hamwe nitsinda ryibutsa ubwoba naryo ryagize ibihe bitandukanye cyane mugihe cyashize mugihe cyo kwerekana amajwi yikizamini (X2 (2) = 14.93, p = 0.001), bityo itsinda ryiza ryo kuzimangana ryari rito cyane igihe.igihe cyo gukonjesha kuruta mu itsinda ryacitse intege (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 9.286, p = 0.044) hamwe nitsinda ryo kwibuka ubwoba (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 13.86, p = 0.001) (Ishusho 2D).
Itandukaniro ryabantu kugiti cyabo cyo kwibuka kuzimangana.(A) Urucacagu rwuburyo bwo kubaga no kwitwara.(B) Ikwirakwizwa ryinshuro yerekana itandukaniro ryumuntu mugutakaza amanota yibuka.(C) Ibimenyetso byerekana ko amatsinda yateguwe ashingiye ku mibare yabazwe yazimye yerekana ibintu bibiri bitandukanye.. .buri), no mumajwi ane mugice cyo kwibuka cyo gucika no kwibuka ubwoba.Utubari twibeshya twerekana gutandukana bisanzwe. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * р <0,05, ** р <0,01, *** р <0,001, **** р <0,0001. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001. * p <0.05 ， ** p <0.01 ， *** p <0.001 ， **** p <0.0001。 * p <0.05 ， ** p <0.01 ， *** p <0.001 ， **** p <0.0001。 * р <0,05, ** р <0,01, *** р <0,001, **** р <0,0001. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, **** p <0.0001.
Ikimenyetso cya retrograde cyatewe muri IL (Igishusho 3A) maze umubare w'utugari twa GFP + ukurikira umurongo w'inyuma-w'inyuma w'akarere ushimishijwe (Ishusho 3B-F).Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye mumibare ya selile GFP + hagati yimbere, hagati na inyuma ya PVT (X2 (2) = 8.200, p = 0.017), mPVT rero yerekanye selile nyinshi za GFP + kuruta APVT (bivuze urwego) Diff.= 18.37, p = 0.035) na pPVT (bivuze urwego Diff. = 17.71, p = 0.045) (Ishusho 3C).Nubwo inyamaswa nyinshi zitabonye selile zose za GFP + muri pCLA bityo ntizishobora gushushanya ibikorwa muri kano karere, nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryabaye hagati ya CLA imbere, hagati, ninyuma (X2 (2) = 5.596, p = 0.061).Umubare wa selile GFP + (Ishusho ya 3D).Noneho, kubera ko selile zimwe za GFP + zabonetse muri ABLA cyangwa avHPC mu mbeba nyinshi, gusa hagati no inyuma yibi bice byasesenguwe.Hagati na inyuma ya BLA (U = 393, p = 0.009) yari itandukanye cyane mumibare ya selile GFP +, bityo pBLA yerekanye IL nyinshi ziteganijwe kurusha mBLA (Ishusho 3E).Mu buryo nk'ubwo, hari itandukaniro rikomeye hagati ya VHPC hagati na inyuma, bityo pvHPCs yerekanaga IL nyinshi kurusha mvHPCs (U = 403.5, p = 0.014) (Ishusho 3F).Igishushanyo 3G ni ishusho ntangarugero yerekana Fos, aavRG-GFP, hamwe na selile ebyiri.
Kugabanya IL afferent mu karere kose k'ubwonko bushimishije.(A) Igishushanyo cyerekana ikwirakwizwa rya aavRG-CAG-GFP muri imbeba yose IL.(B) Amashusho yerekana ibimenyetso bya retrograde ahantu hatandukanye anteroposterior mu bwonko bushimishije.Umubare wa retrograde wanditseho umurongo wa anteroposterior axis (C) paraventricular thalamus, (D) clavicle, (E) toni yibanze, na (F) hippocampus..Utubari twibeshya twerekana gutandukana bisanzwe. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01. * р <0,05, ** р <0,01. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01. * p <0.05 ， ** p <0.01。 * p <0.05 ， ** p <0.01。 * р <0,05, ** р <0,01. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01.Umwanya muto 100 µm.Ikarita rusange yubwonko rusange mubice A yakuwe muri Swanson (2004) Ikarita yubwonko: Imiterere yubwonko bwimbeba, Edition ya 3, yabiherewe uruhushya na Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommons 4.0 Uruhushya mpuzamahanga (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc )./4.0/) iraboneka gukuramo kuri https://larrywswanson.com.
Isi yose hamwe na IL projection yihariye ya Fos yasesenguwe muri APVT, mPVT na pPVT mumbeba zose.Nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryari hagati yo kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe nitsinda ryimuhira murugo mumagambo ya Fos muri aPVT (X2 (3) = 3.888, p = 0.274) (Ishusho 4A), ntanubwo habaye isano rikomeye hagati ya Fos muri APVT hagati yimvugo no kuzimangana kwibutsa (rs = 0.092, p = 0.691) (Igicapo 4B) cyangwa hagati yimvugo ya Fos mubisobanuro bya APVT IL no kwibutsa kuzimangana (rs = 0.143, p = 0.537) (Ishusho 4D).Ariko, mubisobanuro bya APVT IL, imvugo ya Fos yari itandukanye cyane hagati yo kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe nitsinda ryamazu (X2 (3) = 15.05, p = 0.002), bityo itsinda ryibutsa ubwoba ryerekanaga ko rizimye.gusubira inyuma (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 11.54, p = 0.003), gusubira inyuma nabi (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 10.57, p = 0.034), hamwe na selile yo murugo (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 12.79, p = 0.005) amatsinda (Ishusho 4C).Byongeye kandi, nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryari hagati yo kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe nitsinda ryamazu yo mumagambo ya Fos imvugo ya mPVT (X2 (3) = 2.272, p = 0.518) (Ishusho 4E) no kubisobanuro bya Fos muri mPVT..Isano rikomeye hamwe no kwibutsa kuzimangana (rs = 0.168 p = 0.468) (Ishusho 4F).Nubwo hari itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yicyiza, kibi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe nitsinda ryimikorere murugo mumagambo ya Fos mumagambo ya IL afferent mPVT (X2 (3) = 9.252, p = 0.026), kugereranya post hoc ntabwo byagaragaje kimwe cyangwa bibiri.Itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yitsinda (Ishusho 4G).Byongeye kandi, nta sano rikomeye ryari hagati yimvugo ya Fos muri selile ya IL-afferent mPVT no kwibutsa kuzimangana (rs = 0.174, p = 0.450) (Ishusho 4H). Ibikurikira, hari itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yo kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe nitsinda ryamazu mumagambo ya Fos mumagambo ya pPVT (X2 (3) = 13.89, p = 0.003), kuburyo itsinda ryiza ryo kuzimangana (Rank Rank) Ikinyuranyo. itsinda ry'akazu (Ishusho 4I). Ibikurikira, hari itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yo kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe nitsinda ryamazu mumagambo ya Fos mumagambo ya pPVT (X2 (3) = 13.89, p = 0.003), kuburyo itsinda ryiza ryo kuzimangana (Rank Rank) Ikinyuranyo. itsinda ry'akazu (Ishusho 4I). Далее, наблюдалась значительная разница между группами с хорошим угасанием, плохим угашением, отзывом ст шира и домашней клеткой в ​​чесрессии Фос в пПВТ (пс Ikinyuranyo. = 14,96, p = 0,010), Ugushyingo выр жаенная Кэр Фос, чем в группе группа домашних клеток (рис. 4I). Byongeye kandi, hari itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yo kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe nitsinda ryimuhira murugo mumagambo ya Fos muri pPVT (X2 (3) = 13.89, p = 0.003), kugirango itsinda ryiza rizimangane (bivuze urwego Diff. = 14.96, p = 0.010), ariko ntabwo biri mumatsinda yabatakaye (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 12.86, p = 0.113) cyangwa itsinda ryibuke ryubwoba (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 2.571, p> 0,999), ryerekanye imvugo ya Fos igaragara kuruta muri itsinda ry'urugo (Ishusho 4I).其次 ， ppvt 中 fos 表达 好 消 、 差 消 、 和 家 笼 差异 2 x2 （3） = 13.89 ， p = 0.003） 使得 消 组 （（bisobanura Urutonde rutandukanye.= 14.96, p = 0.010) ， 但 不是 较差 的 Mean (Hagati y'urwego rutandukanye. = 12.86, p = 0.113) 或 恐惧 回忆 组。。= 14.96, p = 0.010) ， 但 不是 较差 的 Mean (Hagati y'urwego rutandukanye. = 12.86, p = 0.113)）。Icya kabiri, hari itandukaniro rikomeye mumagambo ya Fos muri pPVT hagati yicyiza, kibi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe nitsinda ryimuhira (X2 (3) = 13.89, p = 0.003), bituma itsinda ryiza ryo gufata (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 14.96)., p = 0 . ..Ariko, nta sano rikomeye ryari hagati ya pPVT Fos imvugo no kwibutsa kuzimangana (rs = 0.051, p = 0.825) (Ishusho 4J).Hanyuma, hari itandukaniro rikomeye mumvugo ya Fos mumagambo ya pPVT IL hagati yitsinda rifite irimbuka ryiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibuka ubwoba, no muri selile zo murugo (X2 (3) = 12.34 p = 0.006), bityo imvugo nziza ya Fos muri IL- yari bibi kuruta mumatsinda yazimye (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 12.54, p = 0.014) no muri selire yo murugo (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 12.89, p = 0.049) (Igishusho 4K) kandi bifitanye isano cyane na afferent ya IL muri pPVT Hagati yo gukora na kuvanaho kuzimangana, kwibutsa kuzimangana neza byajyanye no gukora cyane kwi afferent ya IL (rs = -0.438, p = 0.047) (Ishusho 4L).
Ibikorwa bya Fos byariyongereye muri IL afferent ya paraventricular thalamus (PVT) yinyuma yimbeba, yerekanaga gusubira inyuma.(A) Nta tandukaniro ryibanze ryari hagati yitsinda mumagambo ya Fos muri APVT.(B) Nta sano rikomeye ryari hagati yimvugo ya Fos no kwibutsa kuzimangana muri APVT.(C) Itsinda ryibutsa ubwoba ryerekanye imvugo ya Fos yiyongereye muri IL ugereranije nandi matsinda yose.(D) Nta sano rikomeye ryari hagati yimvugo ya Fos muri afferent ya IL no kwibutsa kuzimangana muri APVT.(E) Nta tandukaniro ryihariye ryitsinda ryagaragaye muri Fos imvugo muri mPVT.(F) Nta sano rikomeye ryari hagati yimvugo ya Fos no kwibuka kuzimangana muri mPVT.(G) Fos imvugo muri afferent IL selile muri mPVT ntabwo itandukanye cyane hagati yitsinda.(H) Nta sano rikomeye ryari hagati yimvugo ya Fos muri afferent ya IL no kwibutsa kuzimangana muri mPVT.(I) Itsinda ryazimye neza, ariko ntayandi matsinda, yerekanye ibikorwa bya Fos byiyongereye muri pPVT ugereranije nitsinda ryurugo.(J) Nta sano rikomeye ryari hagati ya Fos imvugo no kwibutsa kuzimangana muri pPVT...Utubari twibeshya twerekana gutandukana bisanzwe. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01. * р <0,05, ** р <0,01. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01. * p <0.05 ， ** p <0.01。 * p <0.05 ， ** p <0.01。 * р <0,05, ** р <0,01. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01.
Ibikorwa byisi yose hamwe na IL ibikorwa bya Fos muri ACLA na mCLA yimbeba noneho byasesenguwe mumatsinda yose. Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yo kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe nitsinda ryamazu murugo mumagambo ya Fos mumagambo ya ACLA (X2 (3) = 8.455, p = 0.036) kuburyo itsinda ryibutsa ubwoba (Mean Rank Diff. = 14.50, p = 0.049), ariko ntago ari abakene (Hagati ya Rank Diff. = 10.21, p = 0.373) cyangwa kuzimangana neza (Hagati ya Rank Diff. Igishushanyo 5A). Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yo kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe nitsinda ryamazu murugo mumagambo ya Fos mumagambo ya ACLA (X2 (3) = 8.455, p = 0.036) kuburyo itsinda ryibutsa ubwoba (Mean Rank Diff. = 14.50, p = 0.049), ariko ntago ari abakene (Hagati ya Rank Diff. = 10.21, p = 0.373) cyangwa kuzimangana neza (Hagati ya Rank Diff. Igishushanyo 5A). Между группами с хорошим угашением, плохим угашением, припоминанием ст стаа һәм домашн ним клетками наблюдалась значительная разница в черрессии Fos в aCLA (X2 (3) = 820). = 0 . 5А). Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye mumagambo ya ACLA Fos hagati yo kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibutsa ubwoba hamwe nitsinda ryamazu yo murugo (X2 (3) = 8.455, p = 0.036), kuburyo itsinda ryibutsa ubwoba (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 14.50, p = 0.05 . ACLA 中 Fos 表达 的 良好 消退 、 消退 差 恐惧 回忆 和 家庭 X X (X2 (3) = 8.455, p = 0.036) ， 因此 恐惧 回忆 组0.049） ， 但 无论 是 差 （平均 秩 10. = 10.21 ， p = 0.373） 还是 良好 灭绝 （平均 差 = 4.607 ， p> 0.999） 。 Acla 中 fos 表达 的 消退 、 消退 差 、 和 家庭 x x x (x2 (3) = 8.455, p = 0.036) ， 因此 恐惧 回忆 组 回忆 组 回忆 组 mean Urutonde rutandukanijwe. = 14.50 ， P = P = P = P = P = 14. 0.049） ， 但 无论 是 差 平均 秩 差 秩 10. = 10.21 ， p = 0.373） 0.999） 组 都 出 比 家庭 笼 组 多 a a a a 5a)。 Б. = 0,0 49) 5A). Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yo kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibutsa ubwoba hamwe nitsinda ryamazu mumagambo ya ACLA Fos (X2 (3) = 8.455, p = 0.036), bityo rero itsinda ryibutsa ubwoba (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 14.50), p = 0.049 ), ariko amatsinda afite abakene (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 10.21, p = 0.373) no kuzimangana kwiza (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 4.607, p> 0.999) yerekanye imvugo ya Fos iri hejuru yitsinda ryimuhira (Ishusho 5A). .Nta sano rikomeye ryagaragaye hagati yimvugo yisi yose muri (rs = 0.036, p = 0.876) (Igicapo 5B) cyangwa imvugo ya Fos muri selile ya afferent selile ya IL aCLA (rs = -0.282, p = 0.215) no kwibuka kuzimangana (Ishusho 5B)..5D), nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryari hagati yo kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe nitsinda ryamazu mumagambo ya Fos mumagambo ya ACLA IL (X2 (3) = 6.722, p = 0.081) (Ishusho 5C)..). Ibikurikira, hari itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yo kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe nitsinda ryamazu mumagambo ya Fos mumagambo ya mCLA (X2 (3) = 10.12, p = 0.018) kuburyo itsinda ryiza ryo kuzimangana (Mean Rank Diff . = 12.93, p = 0.038), ariko ntanubwo kuzimangana gukennye (Hagati ya Rank Diff. = 5.143, p> 0,999) cyangwa amatsinda yibutsa ubwoba (Hagati ya Rank Diff. ugereranije n'itsinda ry'akazu (Ishusho 5E). Ibikurikira, hari itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yo kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe nitsinda ryamazu mumagambo ya Fos mumagambo ya mCLA (X2 (3) = 10.12, p = 0.018) kuburyo itsinda ryiza ryo kuzimangana (Mean Rank Diff . = 12.93, p = 0.038), ariko ntanubwo kuzimangana gukennye (Hagati ya Rank Diff. = 5.143, p> 0,999) cyangwa amatsinda yibutsa ubwoba (Hagati ya Rank Diff. ugereranije n'itsinda ry'akazu (Ishusho 5E). Затем наблюдалась значительная разница между группами с хорошим угашением, плохим угашением, воспоминаниями о ст шире и домашней клеткой в ​​черрессии Фос в мКЛА (X2 (3)) рангов. = 12,93, p = 0,038), no yinрессии Fos в mCLA. Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yo kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibuka ubwoba hamwe nitsinda ryamazu mumagambo ya mCLA Fos (X2 (3) = 10.12, p = 0.018), kugirango itsinda ryiza rizimangane (bivuze urwego rutandukanye = 12.93, p = 0.038), ariko ntabwo amatsinda akennye azimangana (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 5.143, p> 0,999) cyangwa amatsinda yibutsa ubwoba (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 14.00, p = 0.063) yerekanye imvugo nini cyane ya Fos muri mCLA.ugereranije n'itsinda ry'akazu (Ishusho 5E).接下来 ， 在 mcla 中 的 fos 表达 ， 良好 消退 组 、 不良 消 家庭 笼 组 2 2 2 2 2 x2 （3） = 10.12 ， p = 0.018） ， 良好 （（（（（（ （（（Bisobanura Urutonde rutandukanye.= 12.93, p = 0.038) ， 但 在 mCLA 中 ， 弱 消退 （平均 秩 5. = 5.143 ， p> 0.999） 和 恐惧 回忆 组 （平均 差相 对于 家庭 笼 组 （图 5E）。 = 12.93, p = 0.038) ， 在 在 mcla 中 ， 弱 消退 （平均 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. = 5.143 ， p> 0.999） fos 表达 表达 的 fos 表达 表达 的 fos 表达 相 对于 家庭 笼 组 （E 5E）。 Далее, в. угашения (средняя разность рангов = 12,93, p = 0,038), Ugushyingo в mCLA ни слабое угасание (средняя разница рангов = 5,143, p> 0,999), ни гора отзыва ст па (средняя разница) = 0,063) показали лучшую курсрессию Много Fos по сравнению с группой с домашней клеткой (Рисунок 5E). Byongeye kandi, hari itandukaniro rikomeye mumagambo ya Fos muri mCLA hagati yitsinda ryiza ryo kuzimangana, itsinda rito ryo kuzimangana, itsinda ryibitekerezo byubwoba, hamwe nitsinda ryimuhira (X2 (3) = 10.12, p = 0.018), bityo, ibyiza kuzimangana (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 12.93, p = 0.038), ariko muri mCLA ntanubwo kuzimangana (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 5.143, p> 0.999) cyangwa itsinda ryibutsa ubwoba (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 14.00, p = 0.999) = 0.063) ryerekanye neza Imvugo ya Multi Fos ugereranije nitsinda ryurugo (Ishusho 5E).Nyamara, imvugo ya Fos kwisi yose muri mCLA (rs = 0.321, p = 0.156) (Igishusho 5F) cyangwa muri selile ya IL mCLA (rs = -0.121, p = 0.602) no kwibuka kuzimangana (Ishusho 5H), nta tandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati amatsinda afite kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe na selile yo murugo ya Fos mumagambo ya selile ya IL mCLA (X2 (3) = 4.923, p = 0.178) (Ishusho 5G).
Igikorwa cya Fos cyazamuwe hagati ya claustrum hagati yimbeba zifite kwibuka neza kuzimangana.(A) Itsinda ryibutsa ubwoba, ariko ntabwo ari ayandi matsinda, ryerekanye ibikorwa bya Fos ugereranije nitsinda ryurugo muri ACLA.(B) Nta sano rikomeye ryari hagati yimvugo ya Fos muri ACLA no kwibuka kuzimangana.(C) Imvugo ya Fos muri selile ya IL afferent aCLA ntabwo itandukanye cyane mumatsinda.(D) Nta sano rikomeye ryari hagati yimvugo ya Fos muri afferent ya IL no kwibutsa kuzimangana muri ACLA.(E) Itsinda ryazimye neza, ariko ntabwo ari ayandi matsinda, ryerekanye ibikorwa bya Fos byiyongereye muri mCLA ugereranije nitsinda ryimuhira.(F) Nta sano rikomeye ryari hagati yimvugo ya Fos no kwibutsa kuzimangana muri mCLA.(G) Imvugo ya Fos muri selile ya IL mCLA ntabwo itandukanye cyane hagati yitsinda.(H) Nta sano rikomeye ryari hagati yimvugo ya Fos muri afferent ya IL no kwibutsa kuzimangana muri mCLA.Utubari twibeshya twerekana gutandukana bisanzwe. * p <0.05. * p <0.05. * р <0,05. * p <0.05. * p <0.05。 * p <0.05。 * р <0,05. * p <0.05.
Noneho, ibikorwa byisi na IL byerekana ibikorwa bya Fos muri mBLA na pBLA byasesenguwe mumatsinda yose yimbeba.Nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryari hagati yo kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe nitsinda ryimuhira murugo mumagambo ya Fos muri mBLA (X2 (3) = 0.944, p = 0.815) (Ishusho 6A).Nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryari hagati yitsinda rifite isubira inyuma ryiza, gusubira inyuma nabi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe na selile yo murugo Fos imvugo ya selile ya IL mBLA (X2 (3) = 0.518, p = 0.915) (Ishusho 6C).Byongeye kandi, nta sano rikomeye ryari hagati yimvugo ya Fos yisi yose muri mBLA (rs = 0.126, p = 0.588) (Igishusho 6B) na Fos imvugo muri selile ya afferent IL mBLA (rs = 0.200, p = 0.385) (rs = 0.200, p = 0.385).p = 0.385).Igicapo 6D) hamwe no kwibuka kuzimangana.Nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryigeze riba mu kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibuka ubwoba, no mu matsinda yo mu rugo mu mvugo ya Fos muri pBLA (X2 (3) = 4.246, p = 0.236) (Ishusho 6E), kandi nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryigeze ribaho. muri pBLA Nibyiza.kuzimangana, kuzimangana nabi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe nitsinda ryamazu mumagambo ya Fos mumagambo ya IL afferent selile (X2 (3) = 1.954, p = 0.582) (Ishusho 6G).Hanyuma, imvugo ya Fos yisi yose muri pBLA (rs = 0.070, p = 0.762) (Igishusho 6F) hamwe na Fos imvugo muri selile ya afferent selile ya pBLA IL (rs = 0.122, p = 0.597) no kwibuka kuzimangana (Ishusho 6H).
Itandukaniro ryabantu kugiti cyabo cyo kuzimangana ntabwo ryashizwe ku itandukaniro mu mvugo ya Fos muri amygdala yibanze.(A) Nta tandukaniro ryingenzi ryitsinda ryagaragaye mumagambo ya Fos muri mBLA.(B) Nta sano rikomeye ryari hagati yimvugo ya Fos no kwibutsa kuzimangana muri mBLA.(C) Imvugo ya Fos muri selile ya IL mBLA ntabwo itandukanye cyane mumatsinda.(D) Nta sano ryingenzi ryari hagati yimvugo ya Fos muri selile ya afferent selile no kwibutsa kuzimangana muri mBLA.(E) Nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryitsinda ryagaragaye muri Fos imvugo muri pBLA.(F) Nta sano rikomeye ryari hagati yimvugo ya Fos no kwibutsa kuzimangana muri pBLA.(G) Fos imvugo muri afferent IL pBLA ntabwo itandukanye cyane mumatsinda..Utubari twibeshya twerekana gutandukana bisanzwe.
Hanyuma, ibikorwa bya Fos byisi yose hamwe na IL byasesenguwe muri mvHPC na pvHPC mumbeba zose. Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yo kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe nitsinda ryamazu mumagambo ya Fos mumagambo ya mvHPC (X2 (3) = 8.056, p = 0.045) kuburyo kuzimangana kwiza (Hagati ya Rank Diff. = 13.29 , p = 0.031), ariko ntanubwo kuzimangana gukennye (Bivuze Urutonde Rwinshi. 7A). Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yo kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe nitsinda ryamazu mumagambo ya Fos mumagambo ya mvHPC (X2 (3) = 8.056, p = 0.045) kuburyo kuzimangana kwiza (Hagati ya Rank Diff. = 13.29 , p = 0.031), ariko ntanubwo kuzimangana gukennye (Bivuze Urutonde Rwinshi. 7A). Между группами с хорошим угасанием, плохим угашением, отзывом ст ста и домашн ним клетками наблюдалась значительная разница в черрессии Фос в mvHPC (X2 (3) = ра) = 0 031) клеткой (рис. 7А). Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye mumagambo ya mvHPC Fos hagati yitsinda rifite irimbuka ryiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe na selile zo murugo (X2 (3) = 8.056, p = 0.045), bityo kuzimangana kwiza (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 13.29), p = 0.031), ariko ntabwo ari mumatsinda yabatindi yo kuzimangana (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 6.857, p> 0,999) cyangwa mumatsinda yibutsa ubwoba (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 8.000, p = 0.864) ntabwo imvugo ya Fos yari hejuru ugereranije nitsinda ryurugo.selile (Ishusho 7A). mvHPC 中 Fos 表达 的 良好 消退 、 不良 消退 恐惧 回忆 2 2 2 （2 X2 (3) = 8.056, p = 0.045） ， 因此 良好 消退 （平均 秩 差 = 13.29） ， p = 0.031 ） ， 但 无论 是 弱 消退 （平均 6. = 6.857 ， p> 0.999） 还是 恐惧 回忆 （平均 差 = 8.000 ， p = 0.864） 组 都 显示 出 比 os 笼 组 的 os 2） mvhpc 中 fos 表达 的 消退 、 不良 消退 回忆 和 家庭 笼 2 2 （x2 (3) = 8.056, p = 0.045） ， 良好 （（平均 秩 差 秩 = 13.29） p = 0.031） ， 但 无论 是 弱 消退 （6. 秩 差 秩 = 6.857 ， p> 0.999） 还是 恐惧 （平均 秩 差 8. = 8.000 ， p = 0.864） 组 都 出 家庭 组 组 多 的 fos 表达））））））））））））））））））））））））））） Имелась значительная разница между группами «хорошо», «плохо», «припоминание ст шаа» и «домашняя клетка» для басрессии Fos в mvHPC (X2 (3) = 8,056, рс род) 13,9) домашней клетке (рис. 2). Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yicyiza, kibi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe nitsinda ryamazu ya Fos imvugo ya mvHPC (X2 (3) = 8.056, p = 0.045) nuko rero gusubira inyuma kwiza (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 13.29), p = 0.031), ariko amatsinda afite kuzimangana intege nke (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 6.857, p> 0,999) hamwe no kwibuka ubwoba (bivuze itandukaniro ryurwego = 8.000, p = 0.864) yerekanye imvugo ya Fos iruta iyitsinda mumagambo yo murugo (Ishusho 2).7A).Ariko, nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryari (X2 (3) = 4.893, p = 0.180) (Ishusho 7C).Mubyongeyeho, nta sano rikomeye ryagaragaye hagati yimvugo ya Fos yisi yose muri mvHPC (rs = -0.233, p = 0.309) (Ishusho 7B) na Fos imvugo muri mvHPC afferent IL selile (rs = 0.056, p = 0.810) (Ishusho 7D).na raporo ku ibura.Byongeye kandi, nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryari hagati yo kuzimangana kwiza, kuzimangana nabi, kwibutsa ubwoba, hamwe nitsinda ryimuhira murugo mumagambo ya Fos muri pvHPC (X2 (3) = 3.623, p = 0.353) (Ishusho 7E), kandi nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryagaragaye.itandukaniro mugusubira inyuma kwimvugo ya Fos muri pvHPC afferent IL selile, gusubira inyuma nabi, kwibuka ubwoba, hamwe nitsinda ryamazu (X2 (3) = 3.871, p = 0.276) (Ishusho 7G).Hanyuma, nta sano rikomeye ryari hagati ya pvHPC imvugo ya Fos yisi yose (rs = −0.127, p = 0.584) (Igicapo 7F) hamwe na Fos imvugo muri selile ya IL-afferent pvHPC (rs = 0.176, p = 0.447) no kwibuka kuzimangana (Ishusho 7F ).7H).
Imvugo ya Fos irazamurwa muri hippocampus ya ventrale yimbeba, byerekana kwibuka neza.(A) Itsinda ryazimye neza, ariko ntabwo ari ayandi matsinda, ryerekanye imvugo ya Fos muri mvHPC ugereranije nitsinda ryurugo.(B) Nta sano rikomeye ryari hagati ya Fos imvugo no kwibutsa kuzimangana muri mvPHC.(C) Imvugo ya fos muri mvHPC afferent IL selile ntabwo itandukanye cyane mumatsinda.(D) Nta sano rikomeye ryari hagati yimvugo ya Fos muri afferent ya IL no kwibutsa kuzimangana muri mvHPC.(E) Nta tandukaniro ryibanze ryari hagati yitsinda mumagambo ya Fos muri pvHPC.(F) Nta sano rikomeye ryari hagati yimvugo ya Fos no kuzimangana muri pvHPC.(G) Fos imvugo muri pVHPC afferent IL selile ntabwo itandukanye cyane mumatsinda.(H) Nta sano rikomeye ryari hagati yimvugo ya Fos muri afferent ya IL no kwibutsa kuzimangana muri pvHPC.Utubari twibeshya twerekana gutandukana bisanzwe. * p <0.05. * p <0.05. * р <0,05. * p <0.05. * p <0.05。 * p <0.05。 * р <0,05. * p <0.05.Isesengura ryibanze ryakarere kose ryerekanye kugereranya mubyiciro bitatu kuruhande rwa anteroposterior axis, nubwo twanasesenguye buri karere kaguye kumurongo wa anteroposterior.Ibisubizo by'iri sesengura bitangwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 1.
Hano twagerageje niba itandukaniro ryabantu kugiti cyabo cyo kuzimangana byagaragarira muburyo butandukanye bwibikorwa bya afferent muri cortex yo hepfo.Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, twasuzumye ibikorwa bya Fos mubiteganijwe muri IL duhereye kuri paraventricular thalamus, claustrum, toni ya basilo, na hippocampus ya ventrale nyuma yo kuzimangana.Mu ngirabuzimafatizo za IL, twasanze ibikorwa byinshi mukarere kinyuma ya PVT mu mbeba zagaragaje kwibutsa kuzimangana ugereranije nimbeba zifite kuzimangana nabi.Nta tandukanyirizo ryakozwe na IL kuva muri clavicular nucleus, hippocampus ya ventrale, cyangwa toni ya basolateral.Usibye ingirabuzimafatizo ya IL, ibikorwa byubwonko byiyongereye byagaragaye mubice byatoranijwe byimbeba na hippocampus ya ventrale ikemurwa neza.Ibisubizo byacu byerekana ko kwibuka neza kuzimangana byateguwe na progaramu yihariye ya PVT kuri IL hamwe na selile itari IL muri claustrum na hippocampus ya ventrale.
Twabonye ko ubuhanuzi bwa PVT IL bwakoraga mu mbeba zerekanaga kwibutsa kuzimangana, ibyo bikaba bihuye nubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekana ko PVT isabwa kugirango yibuke.Ubu bushakashatsi ntabwo bwakoresheje manipulation yihariye ya subregion, ariko bwerekanye ko ibishushanyo bya PVT byombi kuri amygdala yo hagati hamwe na IL byateganijwe kuri PVT byari bikenewe kugirango byororoke.Ibisubizo byacu byerekana ko, usibye urunigi rwa IL-PVT-CeL, nyuma ya PVT yinjira muri IL birashobora no gusabwa kugirango uzimye.Rero, biragaragara ko byombi efferent na afferent IL ihuza igira uruhare mukubyara kuzimangana.Intambwe yingenzi ikurikiraho ni ukumenya igitera pPVT kwerekana ibimenyetso byangirika kurwego rwumuzunguruko.Usibye umubano na IL, ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwo gukurikirana imiyoboro 31,32 bwerekanye ko pPVT yakira ibitekerezo bivuye mu cyatsi cya ventrale periaqueductal gray (vPAG), ifitanye isano no kwiga kuzimangana33,34,35,36.Nubwo uruhare rwa vPAG mukwibuka kuzimangana rutarashyirwaho, guhanura pPVT na vPAG ni umukandida ushimishije kubera ubucucike bwabo ndetse n’uruhare rw’uturere twombi mu gutanga ibimenyetso byabanje byerekana ko ubwoba bwatakaye.
Ikindi kintu cyingenzi cyibisubizo bya PVT ni uko kabuhariwe imbere yimbere-yinyuma.Igitangaje, ibikorwa bya neuronal bya projection ya PVT muri IL bifitanye isano nuburyo butandukanye bwimyitwarire, nkibikorwa bya pre-PVT prejection muri IL bifitanye isano no kwibuka ubwoba, mugihe projection ya pPVT ikora nyuma yo kuzimangana neza (ni ukuvuga ubwoba).Iyi mikorere itandukanye muri PVT ntabwo itangaje ukurikije imirimo yabanje [byaganiriweho muri 37].Urugero rutangaje rwo gukwirakwiza imikorere muri PVT ruherutse kugaragara mubushakashatsi bwaranze imiterere yubwoko bwihariye muri PVT.Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko DRD2-yerekana ingirabuzimafatizo ya dopamine igaragara cyane muri pPVT, ikazenguruka imbere yimbere, kandi igasubiza ibintu bitera imbaraga.Umubare w'akagari ka kabiri ugaragarira cyane muri APVT kandi ugaragaza ko uhindutse kuri reta ya fiyologiki nkeya kandi ikazenguruka cortex yingingo zo hepfo.Ibisubizo byacu ntabwo bihuye nubu buryo, nkuko IL-umushinga wa selile ya APVT ikora mugihe cyo kwibuka ubwoba, mugihe ibipimo bya pPVT birakora kandi inyamaswa zerekana ubwoba buke.Hano haribisobanuro byibuze bibiri kubishobora kugaragara.Ubwa mbere, ubwoko bwakagari bwamenyekanye ntabwo buri murubuga rumwe rwimbere-inyuma ya TVV.Rero, gukora IL-umushinga pPVT selile mu mbeba zifite ububiko bwiza bwo kuzimangana zishobora kuba mubyiciro byingirabuzimafatizo zishobora kugaragara muri APVT kandi bikerekana ko bihindutse muburyo buke bwo kubyutsa.Ikintu kimwe gishobora kuba ukuri kuri IL-umushinga wa selile muri APVT ikora nyuma yo kwibuka ubwoba.Icya kabiri, ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwakurikiranye bwerekanye ko hariho ILP-yerekana pPVTs, nubwo zimwe zisa nkizikomoka kuri selile zirimo DRD2, ubundi bwoko bwakagari bushobora gukora IL hanyuma bugakora nyuma yo kubyara neza kuzimya.
Nubwo intego yubu bushakashatsi yari iyo kumenya itandukaniro riri hagati yimbeba zerekana fenotipike zitandukanye, ubu bushakashatsi bwanagaragaje amakuru mashya ajyanye nuburyo bwo kwibuka ubwoba.Igishimishije, twasanze ibikorwa bya Fos byiyongera kuri CLA imbere yimbeba zifite ubwoba bwo kwibuka.
Clavicle ihagaze nkikigo cyitumanaho rya cortical kandi igira uruhare mubikorwa bitandukanye kuva kwishyira hamwe kwumva no gusinzira40,41,42,43.Hariho ibimenyetso bike byerekana uburyo claustrum igira uruhare mugutinya ubwoba cyangwa kwerekana ubwoba, icyakora, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere bwerekanye ko imvugo yubwoba ishingiye kubikorwa bya Fos mubikorwa.Vuba aha byavuzwe ko kubuza ibipimo bya atresia kuri cortex ya entorhinal mugihe cyo gutinya ubwoba byangiza imitekerereze yigihe kirekire, nubwo bakeneye ibimenyetso byubwoba bitigeze bigeragezwa.Muri ubwo bushakashatsi kandi, kwiyongera kwa Fos byagaragaye mugihe inyamaswa zahuye n’ibidukikije bishya ugereranije nimbeba zangiza ibidukikije.Hamwe nibitekerezo, ibikorwa bya CLA twatangaje hano birashobora guterwa no guhura na kamera nshya mugihe cyo kwipimisha, aho gutinya kwiyibutsa.Kugirango urusheho kuranga imikorere yifunga mubwoba no gutunganya ibintu, ubushakashatsi buzaza bugomba gukoresha intego yo gufunga.
Nubwo imirimo yabanjirije iyi yerekanaga ko PVT ifitanye isano no kwibuka ubwoba bwo kwibuka, 45,46,47 ntitwigeze tubona impinduka zose zerekana imvugo ya Fos mu mbeba igihe bibukaga ubwoba nyuma yamasaha 48 nyuma yo kwisuzumisha.Iri tandukaniro rishobora gusobanurwa nimpamvu nyinshi, harimo nogupima akazi kambere gutinya ibimenyetso bitandukanijwe murwego rumwe aho ibintu byabereye, mugihe mubushakashatsi bwacu, ikizamini cyakorewe mubyumba bishya.Twongeyeho, twashize amatungo yacu muminota 60 nyuma yo kwipimisha, mugihe akazi kashize gakoresha umwanya wiminota 90.Hanyuma, mubushakashatsi bwabanje, ikizamini cyakorewe mucyumba inyamaswa zishobora kwitabira ubushake bwo kurya, mu gihe mu kazi kacu, imbeba zapimwe nta cyifuzo cyo kurya.Mugihe ibi bituma habaho urwego runaka rwo kubuza ibintu, hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko kwemerera inyamaswa kubuza igitutu kubona ibiryo mugihe hageragezwa niba batinya ibimenyetso bitera amakimbirane ashingiye (ni ukuvuga ubwoba nibihembo), nikintu cyingenzi gikangura.uruhare PVT48, 49 ..
Amygdala shingiro izwiho kugira uruhare mu gushaka ubwoba bwo kuzimangana 50,51 kandi hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko BLA iteganya IL nayo igira uruhare muri iki gikorwa23.Icyakora, ntibisobanutse niba BLA n’amasano yayo agira uruhare mu kugaruka kuzimangana.Kwiga amashusho 23,28 byagaragaje ibikorwa bya BLA byiyongera mubikoko bibuka kwibuka.Mugihe ibikorwa byacu byabanje byerekanaga ko ntaho bitandukaniye mubikorwa bya BLA hagati yimbeba nziza kandi mbi, ibisubizo byacu hano birerekana ko kwibutsa kuzimangana muri rusange bitagira ingaruka kuri BLA cyangwa mubikorwa byo guhanura BLA IL.Dukurikije ibyo twabonye, ​​nubwo ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na manipulation bwerekana ko IL yinjira muri BLA ari ingenzi mukwiga kuzimangana, ntabwo ari ngombwa kugirango twibuke.Icyakora, uruhare rwa BLA ntirushobora kwirengagizwa rwose kuko ibimenyetso biheruka kwerekana ko ubwoko bumwe bwakagari muri BLA busabwa kubyara irimbuka.
Ikigaragara ni uko kwibuka ubwoba bitatumye Fos ikora muri BLA, kubera ko ubushakashatsi bwakomerekejwe, ibiyobyabwenge, ndetse n’amashusho byagize uruhare muri kariya gace mu kwerekana ubwoba no / cyangwa ubwoba bwo kongera kwiyunga nyuma yo kugarura 54,55,56,57.Amakuru yatanzwe hano arahuza subnucleus ya basal na latal ya amygdala, kandi amakuru yabanje yerekana ko imvugo yubwoba itera ibikorwa bya Fos kuruhande rwa dorsal ya nucleus.Twasesenguye amakuru yibanze kandi yegeranye ukwayo, ariko nta tandukaniro ryabaye muribintu byombi (amakuru aterekanwa) kandi uturere twombi twasenyutse mumibare twerekanye hano.Ntabwo twasesenguye agace ka amygdala kuruhande, bityo impinduka zihariye muriki gice zishobora kuba zipfunditswe.Ikindi gishoboka cyo kudahinduka mubikorwa bya Fos muri BLA biterwa nigihe cyo kwibuka ubwoba ugereranije na conditioning.Ibikorwa bimwe byabanje byagaragaje ko uruhare rwa BLA mu gutinya imvugo rugabanuka uko ibihe bigenda bisabwa, iyo mvugo ni BLA iterwa namasaha 24 yoherejwe ariko yigenga muminsi 7 (reba 45 ariko reba 58).byabaye nyuma yamasaha 48 nyuma yimyitozo, bigatuma nta gihinduka mubikorwa bya Fos muriki gihe birashoboka ko byerekana impinduka zishingiye ku gihe uruhare rwa BLA mukwerekana ubwoba.
Hanyuma, dusangamo ibimenyetso byerekana ko kwibuka kuzimangana bifitanye isano na hippocampus ya ventrale.Ibi biranga vHPCs "intermediate" nkuko icyitegererezo kimwe kitigeze kiboneka mukarere kinyuma.Bihuye nakazi kashize, twasanze nta gihinduka mubikorwa bya Fos muri afferent vHPC ILs.Hariho ibimenyetso bifatika byerekana ko vHPC 28,60,61 isabwa kugirango ubwoba butangire mugihe CS ibaye hanze yimiterere igenda igabanuka, kandi ko ibyo biterwa nibice bimwe na bimwe byinjira muri vHPC muri IL13.Dufatiye kuri ibyo bisubizo byabanjirije iki, twakeka ko kugabanuka guke bifitanye isano no kongera ibikorwa bya IL byahanuwe na vHPC.Ariko, ntabwo byari bimeze kuko nta tandukaniro ryakozwe mubikorwa bya Fos muri IL-iteganijwe retrograde yanditseho vHPCs cyangwa selile zitanditse muri vHPCs.Ibi birerekana ko kudashobora kwibuka gucika murwego rwo gucika bishobora gukurura ubundi buryo butandukanye no gutinya kuvugurura.
Ni ngombwa kumenya bimwe mubishushanyo mbonera byihariye byo gusesengura nuburyo bigira ingaruka kumyanzuro yacu.Ubwa mbere, twagabanije inyamaswa mo gatatu na hepfo ya gatatu, nimbeba mo "nziza" na "mbi" dushingiye kumanota yibutsa.Ibi bikorwa mu rwego rwo kwirinda gahunda zitsinda zigabanya inyamaswa mu matsinda atandukanye hagati yo kugabana, cyangwa gahunda zitsinda zitandukanya inyamaswa hagati yikwirakwizwa, nko gutandukana hagati ya median cyangwa kugereranya hejuru na gatatu bya gatatu byimbeba. .turashaka kwirinda iki kibazo kuko kugabana hagati ntigaragaza itandukaniro ryibisubizo byabantu kubibazo byihungabana tugerageza kwerekana.Byongeye kandi, mugihe ugereranije hejuru na gatatu bya gatatu byimbeba bidufasha kugereranya amatsinda yubunini busa, ubu buryo bwirengagiza inyamaswa hagati yikwirakwizwa kandi ntizigaragaza neza impinduka mubitekerezo byatewe no gukomeretsa.Mugihe uburyo bwacu bushobora guhura nibibazo biterwa no gutandukanya amatsinda no kugereranya amatsinda afite ingano ntangarugero, ifata ibyo tugerageza kwigana neza kuruta ubundi buryo.
Ibisubizo byatanzwe hano bidufasha kumva neza uburyo itandukaniro ryabantu kugiti cyabo cyo kuzimangana bigaragarira mubitandukaniro mubikorwa byumuzunguruko.Ibyo twabonye bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n’ihungabana ry’ihungabana nyuma y’ihungabana, bizwi ko bifitanye isano n’ubwoba bukabije ndetse no kudashobora gukuraho ibisubizo by’ubwoba.Twerekana ko itandukaniro ryo kwibutsa kuzimangana rifitanye isano no gutandukanya ibikorwa byimitsi yimbere ninyuma iteganijwe kuri IL.Itandukaniro ryakwirakwijwe mu turere dutandukanye kuruhande rwa anteroposterior axis, bikomeza kwerekana akamaro ko gusuzuma imikorere yubwonko kurwego rwakarere.Ingaruka z'uburyo bugezweho zirimo akamaro k'ubushakashatsi no kwibanda ku nzoka z'abagabo.Ubushakashatsi bw'ejo hazaza bugomba kumenya uburyo bwa neurobiologique bushingiye ku kuzimangana mu nzoka z'abagore no gukoresha uburyo bwo gushushanya imyanzuro.
Imibare ikoreshwa kandi / cyangwa yasesenguwe mubyigisho byubu iraboneka kubanditsi babisabwe babisabye.
Pavlov IP Imiterere: ubushakashatsi bwibikorwa bya physiologique byubwonko bwubwonko.(Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Oxford, 1927).
Rothbaum, BO, & Davis, M. Gushyira mu bikorwa amahame yo kwiga mukuvura nyuma yihungabana. Rothbaum, BO, & Davis, M. Gushyira mu bikorwa amahame yo kwiga mukuvura nyuma yihungabana.Rotbaum BO na Davis M. Gushyira mu bikorwa amahame yo kwiga mukuvura nyuma yihungabana.Rotbaum BO na Davis M. Gushyira mu bikorwa amahame yo kwiga mukuvura nyuma yihungabana.shyiramo.Ishuri Rikuru rya New York.siyanse.1008 (1), 112-121 (2003).
Rauch, SA, Eftekhari, A. & Ruzek, JI Gusubiramo imiti ivura: igipimo cya zahabu cyo kuvura PTSD. Rauch, SA, Eftekhari, A. & Ruzek, JI Gusubiramo imiti ivura: igipimo cya zahabu cyo kuvura PTSD.Rauch SA, Eftekhari A. na Ruzek DI Isubiramo ryubuvuzi bwerekanwe: ubuvuzi busanzwe bwa zahabu kubibazo byo guhagarika umutima. Rauch, SA, Eftekhari, A. & Ruzek, JI 暴露 疗法 回顾 ： PTSD 治疗 的 黄金 标准。 Rauch, SA, Eftekhari, A. & Ruzek, JI Gusubiramo imiti ivura: Ibipimo bya zahabu yo kuvura PTSD.Rauch, SA, Eftekhari, A. na Ruzek, DI Isubiramo ryubuvuzi bwerekanwe: ubuvuzi bwa zahabu bwo kuvura indwara yo guhangayika.J. Gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe.iterambere ry'ikigega 49, 679–687.https://doi.org/10.1682/jrrd.2011.08.0152 (2012).
Foa, EB Kumara igihe kinini bivura: ibyahise, ibya none nibizaza.Kurwanya amaganya 28, 1043–1047.https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20907 (2011).
Bwana Millard n'abandi.Impamvu zihari kandi zabonetse zitera kubura kwibuka mubibazo byihungabana nyuma yihungabana: ibyavuye mubushakashatsi bwimpanga.J. Umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe.ikigega cyo kubikamo.42 (7), 515-520 (2008).
Bwana Millard n'abandi.Ishimikiro rya neurobiologique yo kudashobora kwibuka kwibuka bigenda bishira nyuma yo guhahamuka.ibinyabuzima.Imitekerereze.66 (12), 1075-1082 (2009).
Bush, DEA, Sotres-Bayon, F. & LeDoux, JE Itandukaniro ryabantu ku giti cyabo: Gutandukanya ubwoba bwo gutinya no gutinya gukira. Bush, DEA, Sotres-Bayon, F. & LeDoux, JE Itandukaniro ryabantu ku giti cyabo: Gutandukanya ubwoba bwo gutinya no gutinya gukira.Bush, DEA, Sautre-Baillon, F. na LeDoux, JE Itandukaniro ryabantu ku giti cyabo: gutandukanya fenotipi yubwoba bwubwoba no gutinya kugaruka. Bush, DEA, Sotres-Bayon, F. & LeDoux, JE 恐惧 的 个体 差异 ： 隔离 恐惧 反应 和 恐惧 恢复 表 型。 Bush, DEA, Sotres-Bayon, F. & LeDoux, JE Itandukaniro ryabantu ku giti cyabo: gutandukanya igisubizo cyubwoba hamwe nameza yo gukira ubwoba.Bush, DEA, Sautre-Baillon, F. na LeDoux, JE Itandukaniro ryabantu ku giti cyabo: gutandukanya ibisubizo byubwoba hamwe na phenotype yo gukira ubwoba.J. Ihahamuka.igitutu 20 (4), 413–422 (2007).
Russo, AS & Parsons, RG Igisubizo cya Acoustic gitangaje mu mbeba gihanura itandukaniro hagati yumuntu kugiti cye. Russo, AS & Parsons, RG Igisubizo cya Acoustic gitangaje mu mbeba gihanura itandukaniro hagati yumuntu kugiti cye.Russo, AS na Parsons, RG Igisubizo gitangaje cyimbeba zerekana itandukaniro ryabantu kugiti cyabo. Russo, AS & Parsons, RG 大鼠 的 声学 惊吓 反应 预测 恐惧 消退 的 个体 差异。 Russo, AS & Parsons, RGRusso, AS na Parsons, RG Igisubizo gitangaje cyimbeba zerekana itandukaniro ryabantu kugiti cyabo.Neurobiology.kwiga.Kwibuka.139, 157–164 (2017).
Russo, AS, Lee, J. & Parsons, RG Guhindura umuntu kugiti cye mukwibuka kuzimangana ubwoba bifitanye isano na fosifora ya mitogen ikora protein kinase ikora muri cortex infralimbic. Russo, AS, Lee, J. & Parsons, RG Guhindura umuntu kugiti cye mukwibuka kuzimangana ubwoba bifitanye isano na fosifora ya mitogen ikora protein kinase ikora muri cortex infralimbic.Russo, AS, Lee, J. na Parsons, RG Guhinduka kwabantu kugiti cyabo kwibagirwa kuzimangana bifitanye isano na mitogen-ikora protein kinase fosifora muri cortex ya infralimbic. Russo, AS, Lee, J. & Parsons, RG 回忆 恐惧 消退 的 个体 差异 与 边缘 皮质 皮质 中 丝 裂 活化 蛋白 激酶 的 的 化 有关。。 Russo, AS, Lee, J. & Parsons, RG Kwibuka ubwoba bugenda bugabanuka bifitanye isano no gutandukana kwabantu muri periferique 美 裯 中 丝 裂 原 活化 筒 能 激酶 的 fosifori.Russo, AS, Lee, J. na Parsons, RG Itandukaniro ryabantu kugiti cyabo cyo kuzimangana mugihe cyo kwibutsa bifitanye isano na fosifora ya vitamine ikora ya poroteyine ikungahaye kuri cortex yo hepfo.Psychopharmacology 236 (7), 2039–2048 (2019).